i)  H0: mu=12.5
    Ha: mu>12.5
 
ii) a) Assume H0 true and since the sample is small you need to compute a 
       t value. However, since n is small, you must also assume that y is
       normally distributed. First, compute s(ybar) and then t.
                s(ybar)=6/sqrt(9)=2

                t=(14-12.5)/s(ybar)
                 =1.5/2
                 =0.75
 
    b) Since you have 9 df the area under the curve to the right of t is
       between 10% and 25% hence the p-value is between 10% and 25% or,
       expressed as a probability, between 0.1 and 0.25.
 
    c) Non significant. Insufficient evidence to reject H0.

iii)a) You need to compute a z value since the sample is large. First
       recompute s(ybar).
                s(ybar)=6/sqrt(100)=0.6

                z=(14-12.5)/0.6=2.5
 
    b) The area under the curve is (100-98.76)/2=0.62% hence the p-value
       is 0.62% or, expressed as a probability, 0.0062.
 
    c) Highly significant.

    d) The CIO should reject H0 and conclude that the application 
       development manager is optimistic.