C#-2 Source Code Files

=== C#-2.Strings.Program.cs =================================

using System;
namespace Strings
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Strings Example: Illustrate some string declaration 
    /// styles and string properties and methods.
    /// </summary>
   
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            string a = "wolf";
            char[] b = {'f', 'o', 'x'};
            string c = new string(b);
            string d = new string('X', 10);
            string e, f;

            Console.WriteLine(a + "  " + c + "  " + d);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Illustrate Length property and Substring method.
            e = a + c + d;
            Console.WriteLine(e + " " + e.Length + " " + e.Substring(2, 4));

            // Format is a static method of the String class.
            int x = 3956;
            f = String.Format("{0}***{1}", a, x);
            Console.WriteLine(f);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Compare behavior of Equals, ReferenceEquals and ==.
            char[] g = { 'w', 'o', 'l', 'f' };
            string h = new string(g);
            string i = a;
            Console.WriteLine(a.Equals(h) + " " + 
                string.ReferenceEquals(a, h) + " " + (a == h));
            Console.WriteLine(a.Equals(i) + " " +
                string.ReferenceEquals(a, i) + " " + (a == i));

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
wolf  fox  XXXXXXXXXX

wolffoxXXXXXXXXXX 17 lffo
wolf***3956

True False True
True True True

=== C#-2.SSBComparison.Program.cs ===========================

using System;
using System.Text;
namespace SSBComparison
{
    /// <summary>
    /// SSBComparison Example: Performance comparison of 
    /// String vs. StringBuilder objects.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Recall that string objects are immutable but
    /// StringBuilder objects are not.
    /// </remarks>
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            string s = "";

            // Set initial capacity of sb to 80000.
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("", 80000);
            int i;

            Console.WriteLine("Beginning String Example ...");
            for(i = 1; i <= 80000; i++)
                s += "*";

            Console.WriteLine("String Example Ended"); 
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue.");
            Console.ReadLine();

            Console.WriteLine("Beginning StringBuilder Example ...");
            for(i = 1; i <= 80000; i++)
                sb.Append("*");
            s = sb.ToString();

            Console.WriteLine("String BuilderExample Ended.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}
// Console Output:
Beginning String Example ...
String Example Ended
Press any key to continue.

Beginning StringBuilder Example ...
String BuilderExample Ended.

=== C#-2.Vehicle1.Program.cs ================================

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Vehicle1
{
    public class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Vehicle1 Example: Implement properties as global 
        /// variables.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// No constructor is defined, so a system default 
        /// constructor is supplied.
        /// </remarks>

        public static void Main()
        {
            Vehicle x = new Vehicle();

            // Display uninitialized object.
            x.display();
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Set properties in Vehicle x.
            x.model = "Ford Taurus";
            x.purchaseDate = new DateTime(2003, 5, 29);
            x.miles = 1500;

            // Display Vehicle object after initializing.
            x.display();

            // Print Vehicle object by invoking the 
            // ToString function.
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Add miles driven since last update.
            x.addMiles(2000);
            Console.WriteLine(x.miles);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Create another Vehicle object.
            Vehicle y = new Vehicle();
            y.model = "Volkswagen Passat";
            y.purchaseDate = new DateTime(2003, 9, 10);
            y.miles = 9000;
            Console.WriteLine(y);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Change reference y to refer to x.
            y = x;
            x.addMiles(4000);
            y.addMiles(3000);
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine(y);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Model:
Purchase Date: 1
Miles: 0

Model: Ford Taurus
Purchase Date: 2003
Miles: 1500
Ford Taurus 2003 1500

3500

Volkswagen Passat 2003 9000

Ford Taurus 2003 10500
Ford Taurus 2003 10500

--- C#-2.Vehicle1.Vehicle.cs ---------------------------------

using System;
namespace Vehicle1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Vehicle1 Example: Implement properties as global 
    /// variables.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// No constructor is defined, so a system default 
    /// constructor is supplied.
    /// </remarks>

    public class Vehicle
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Make and model of vehicle.
        /// </summary>
        public string model;

        /// <summary>
        /// Purchase date of vehicle.
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime purchaseDate;

        /// <summary>
        /// Current odometer reading of vehicle.
        /// </summary>
        public int miles;

        /// <summary>
        /// Add specified number of months to original change date.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="theMiles"></param>
        public void addMiles(int theMiles)
        {
            if (theMiles > 0)
                miles += theMiles;
        }
            
        /// <summary>
        /// Displays object data.
        /// </summary>
        public void display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Model: " + model);
            Console.WriteLine("Purchase Date: " + purchaseDate.Year);
            Console.WriteLine("Miles: " + miles);
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  Returns object data as a string.  
        /// </summary>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return model + " " + purchaseDate.Year + " " + miles;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Vehicle2.Program.cs ================================

using System;
namespace Vehicle2
{
    public class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Vehicle2 Example: Uses Java-style getters and setters 
        /// to manipulate class data.  The model and purchase date 
        /// are fixed by the constructor.  Only the miles can be changed.
        /// </summary>

        public static void Main()
        {
            Vehicle x = new Vehicle("Ford Taurus");

            // Display uninitialized object.
            Console.WriteLine(x.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Set properties in Vehicle x.
            x.setMiles(1500);

            // Print Vehicle object by invoking the 
            // ToString function.
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Add miles driven since last update.
            x.setMiles(2000);
            Console.WriteLine(x.getModel());
            Console.WriteLine(x.getYear());
            Console.WriteLine(x.getMiles());
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Create another Vehicle object.
            Vehicle y = new Vehicle("Volkswagen Passat",
                new DateTime(2003, 9, 10), 9000);
            Console.WriteLine(y);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Change miles in x and y.
            x.setMiles(1000);
            y.setMiles(12000);
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine(y);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Ford Taurus 2006 0

Ford Taurus 2006 1500

Ford Taurus
2006
2000

Volkswagen Passat 2003 9000

Ford Taurus 2006 2000
Volkswagen Passat 2003 12000

--- C#-2.Vehicle2.Vehicle.cs ---------------------------------

using System;
namespace Vehicle2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Vehicle2 Example: Uses Java-style getters and setters 
    /// to manipulate class data.  The model and purchase date 
    /// are fixed by the constructor.  Only the miles can be changed.
    /// </summary>

    public class Vehicle
    {
        // Private member variables.
        private string model;
        private DateTime purchaseDate;
        private int miles;

        /// <summary>
        /// Noarg constructor.
        /// </summary>
        public Vehicle(string theModel)
        {
            if (theModel != "")
                model = theModel;
            else
                model = "Unknown";
            purchaseDate = DateTime.Now;
            miles = 0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="theModel"></param>
        /// <param name="thePurchaseDate"></param>
        /// <param name="theMiles"></param>
        public Vehicle(string theModel,
            DateTime thePurchaseDate, int theMiles)
        {
            if (theModel != "")
                model = theModel;
            else
                model = "Unknown";

            purchaseDate = thePurchaseDate;

            if (theMiles >= 0)
                miles = theMiles;
            else
                miles = 0;
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Vehicle model.
        /// </returns>
        public string getModel()
        {
            return model;
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Year of vehicle.
        /// </returns>
        public int getYear()
        {
            return purchaseDate.Year;
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Miles on vehicle odometer.
        /// </returns>
        public int getMiles()
        {
            return miles;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Update odometer miles only if new value
        /// of miles is greater than original miles.
        /// </summary>
        public void setMiles(int theMiles)
        {
            if (theMiles > miles)
                miles = theMiles;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  Returns object data as a string.  
        /// Overrides Object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return model + " " + purchaseDate.Year + " " + miles;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Vehicle3.Program.cs ================================

using System;
namespace Vehicle3
{
    public class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Vehicle3 Example: Use .Net properties manipulate 
        /// class data. The model and purchase date are fixed 
        /// by the constructor.  Only the miles can be changed.
        /// </summary>

        public static void Main()
        {
            Vehicle x = new Vehicle("Ford Taurus");

            // Display uninitialized object.
            Console.WriteLine(x.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Set properties in Vehicle x.
            x.Miles = 1500;

            // Print Vehicle object by invoking the 
            // ToString function.
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Add miles driven since last update.
            x.Miles = 2000;
            Console.WriteLine(x.Model);
            Console.WriteLine(x.Year);
            Console.WriteLine(x.Miles);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Create another Vehicle object.
            Vehicle y = new Vehicle("Volkswagen Passat",
                new DateTime(2003, 9, 10), 9000);
            Console.WriteLine(y);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Change miles in x and y.
            x.Miles = 1000;
            y.Miles = 12000;
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine(y);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Ford Taurus 2006 0

Ford Taurus 2006 1500

Ford Taurus
2006
2000

Volkswagen Passat 2003 9000

Ford Taurus 2006 2000
Volkswagen Passat 2003 12000

--- C#-2.Vehicle3.Vehicle.cs ---------------------------------

using System;
namespace Vehicle3
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Uses Java-style getters and setters to manipulate class data.
    /// The model and purchase date are fixed by the constructor.
    /// Only the mile can be changed.
    /// </summary>

    public class Vehicle
    {
        // Private member variables.
        private string mvarModel;
        private DateTime mvarPurchaseDate;
        private int mvarMiles;

        /// <summary>
        /// Noarg constructor.
        /// </summary>
        public Vehicle(string theModel)
        {
            if (theModel != "")
                mvarModel = theModel;
            else
                mvarModel = "Unknown";
            mvarPurchaseDate = DateTime.Now;
            mvarMiles = 0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="theModel"></param>
        /// <param name="thePurchaseDate"></param>
        /// <param name="theMiles"></param>
        public Vehicle(string theModel,
            DateTime thePurchaseDate, int theMiles)
        {
            if (theModel != "")
                mvarModel = theModel;
            else
                mvarModel = "Unknown";

            mvarPurchaseDate = thePurchaseDate;

            if (theMiles >= 0)
                mvarMiles = theMiles;
            else
                mvarMiles = 0;
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Make and model of vehicle.
        /// </returns>
        public string Model
        {
            get { return mvarModel; }
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Year of vehicle.
        /// </returns> 
        public int Year
        {
            get { return mvarPurchaseDate.Year; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get or set odometer miles. 
        /// Set new value of miles only if new miles
        /// is greater than original miles.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// Miles on vehicle odometer. 
        /// </returns>
        public int Miles
        {
            get { return mvarMiles; }
            set
            {
                if (value > mvarMiles)
                    mvarMiles = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  Returns object data as a string.  
        /// Overrides Object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return mvarModel + " " + mvarPurchaseDate.Year + 
                " " + mvarMiles;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Vehicle4.Program.cs ================================

using System;
namespace Vehicle4
{
    public class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Vehicle4 Example: Similar to Vehicle3 Example, 
        /// except that Vehicle is a struct instead of
        /// a class.  Check how the statement
        /// y = x changes from the Vehicle1 example.
        /// </summary>

        public static void Main()
        {
            Vehicle x = new Vehicle("Ford Taurus");

            // Display uninitialized object.
            Console.WriteLine(x.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Set properties in Vehicle x.
            x.Miles = 1500;

            // Print Vehicle object by invoking the 
            // ToString function.
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Add miles driven since last update.
            x.Miles = 2000;
            Console.WriteLine(x.Model);
            Console.WriteLine(x.Year);
            Console.WriteLine(x.Miles);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Create another Vehicle object.
            Vehicle y = new Vehicle("Volkswagen Passat",
                new DateTime(2003, 9, 10), 9000);
            Console.WriteLine(y);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Copy data from x into y.
            y = x;

            // Change miles in x and y.
            x.Miles = 1000;
            y.Miles = 12000;
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine(y);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Ford Taurus 2006 0

Ford Taurus 2006 1500

Ford Taurus
2006
2000

Volkswagen Passat 2003 9000

Ford Taurus 2006 2000
Ford Taurus 2006 12000

--- C#-2.Vehicle4.Vehicle.cs ---------------------------------

using System;
namespace Vehicle4
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Vehicle4 Example: Uses Java-style getters and setters 
    /// to manipulate class data.  The model and purchase date 
    /// are fixed by the constructor. Only the miles can be changed.
    /// </summary>

    public struct Vehicle
    {
        // Private member variables.
        private string mvarModel;
        private DateTime mvarPurchaseDate;
        private int mvarMiles;

        /// <summary>
        /// Noarg constructor.
        /// </summary>
        public Vehicle(string theModel)
        {
            if (theModel != "")
                mvarModel = theModel;
            else
                mvarModel = "Unknown";
            mvarPurchaseDate = DateTime.Now;
            mvarMiles = 0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="theModel"></param>
        /// <param name="thePurchaseDate"></param>
        /// <param name="theMiles"></param>
        public Vehicle(string theModel,
            DateTime thePurchaseDate, int theMiles)
        {
            if (theModel != "")
                mvarModel = theModel;
            else
                mvarModel = "Unknown";

            mvarPurchaseDate = thePurchaseDate;

            if (theMiles >= 0)
                mvarMiles = theMiles;
            else
                mvarMiles = 0;
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Make and model of vehicle.
        /// </returns>
        public string Model
        {
            get { return mvarModel; }
        }

        /// <returns>
        /// Year of vehicle.
        /// </returns> 
        public int Year
        {
            get { return mvarPurchaseDate.Year; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get or set odometer miles. 
        /// Set new value of miles only if new miles
        /// is greater than original miles.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// Miles on vehicle odometer. 
        /// </returns>
        public int Miles
        {
            get { return mvarMiles; }
            set
            {
                if (value > mvarMiles)
                    mvarMiles = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  Returns object data as a string.  
        /// Overrides Object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return mvarModel + " " + mvarPurchaseDate.Year + 
                " " + mvarMiles;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Vector1.Program.cs =================================

using System;
namespace Vector1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Vector1 Example: Illustrates calling one constructor 
    /// from another and how to define an Equals method 
    /// for a class.
    /// </summary>
    
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Declare the Vector reference variables.
            Vector p, q, r, s, t;

            // Create five Vector objects.
            p = new Vector();
            q = new Vector(3);
            r = new Vector(2, 5);
            s = new Vector(0, 0);
            t = p;

            // Output Vector objects.
            Console.WriteLine(p + " " + q + " " + r + " " + s + " " + t);

            // Test Equals method.
            Console.WriteLine(p.Equals(s) + " " + p.Equals(r));
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Test GetHashCode method.  Display output in hex (base 16).
            Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(p.GetHashCode(), 16));

            Console.ReadLine();        
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
(0,0) (3,3) (2,5) (0,0) (0,0)
True False

53c38023

--- C#-2.Vector1.Vector.cs ----------------------------------

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Vector1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Vector1 Example: Illustrates calling one constructor 
    /// from another and how to define an Equals method 
    /// for a class.
    /// </summary>
    
    public class Vector
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// x-coordinate of vector.
        /// </summary>
        public int x;

        /// <summary>
        /// y-coordinate of vector.
        /// </summary>
        public int y;

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized constructor with two parameters.
        /// </summary>
        public Vector(int x, int y)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Noarg constructor.  The constructor with
        /// two parameters is invoked.
        /// </summary>
        public Vector() : this(0, 0) { }

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized constructor with one parameter.
        /// The constructor with two parameters is invoked.
        /// </summary>
        public Vector(int value) : this(value, value) { }

        /// <summary>
        /// Overridden object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Vector in ordered pair notation.</returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "(" + x + "," + y + ")";
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Two Vector objects are equal if their x and y 
        /// coordinates are respectively equal.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other"></param>
        /// <returns>true if vectors are equal, false otherwise.</returns>
        public override bool Equals(object other)
        {
 	         return this.x == ((Vector)other).x && 
                     this.y == ((Vector)other).y;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return this.ToString().GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.FileIO1.Program.cs =================================

using System;
using System.IO;
namespace FileIO1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// FileI01 Example: Users StreamReader and StreamWriter 
    /// objects to read from and write to files, respectively.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Two methods are used to check for EOF: checking whether the
    /// line read is equal to null and using the Peek method to
    /// check the next unread character in the input buffer.
    /// </remarks>
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Declare variables.
            StreamReader sr1 = new StreamReader("numbers.txt");
            StreamReader sr2 = new StreamReader("numbers.txt");
            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter("average.txt");
            string line;
            int value, count = 0; 
            double sum = 0.0;

            // Compute average using line != null to check for EOF.
            line = sr1.ReadLine();
            while (line != null)
            {
                value = int.Parse(line);
                sum += value;
                count++;
                line = sr1.ReadLine();
            }
            sw.WriteLine("Average using sr1: " + sum / count);
            Console.WriteLine("Average computed using sr1.");

            // Compute average using Peek method to check for EOF.
            sum = 0.0;
            count = 0;
            while (sr2.Peek() != -1)
            {
                line = sr2.ReadLine();
                value = int.Parse(line);
                sum += value;
                count++;
            }
            sw.WriteLine("Average using sr2: " + sum / count);

            // Flush buffer and close StreamWriter object.
            sw.Close();

            Console.WriteLine("Average computed using sr2.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Average computed using sr1.
Average computed using sr2.

// Input from file numbers.txt
54
34
67
65
53

// Output from file average.txt
Average using sr1: 54.6
Average using sr2: 54.6

=== C#-2.ArrayListCol.Program.cs ============================

using System;
using System.Collections;
namespace ArrayListCol
{
    /// <summary>
    /// ArrayListCol Example: Adds, accesses and removes 
    /// items from an ArrayList collection.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Elements in an ArrayList collection are
    /// referenced by zero-based index, just like a
    /// traditional array.
    /// </remarks>
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            ArrayList col = new ArrayList(); 

            // Add items to collection col 
            col.Add(5);
            col.Add("apple");
            col.Add(true);

            // Insert 17 before item at index 2.
            col.Insert(2, 17);

            // Print items in col using traditional For loop.
            for(int i = 0; i < col.Count; i++)
                Console.WriteLine(col[i]);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Print items in col using foreach syntax.
            foreach(Object obj in col)
                Console.WriteLine(obj);
            Console.WriteLine();

             // Access item by index.
            Console.WriteLine("Item 2 is " + col[2]);
            Console.WriteLine("Count of col is " + col.Count);
            col.RemoveAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine("New count of col is " + col.Count);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Print collection after removing item 1.
            foreach(Object obj in col)
                Console.WriteLine(obj);
            Console.WriteLine();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
5
apple
17
True

5
apple
17
True

Item 2 is 17
Count of col is 4
New count of col is 3

5
17
True

=== C#-2.VehicleArray.Program.cs ============================

using System;
using System.IO;
namespace VehicleArray
{
    /// <summary>
    /// VehicleArray Example: Creates and prints an array of 
    /// Vehicle objects.  The data is obtained from the text file 
    /// vehicles.txt.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Copy the vehicles.txt file from the source code folder to
    /// the bin/Debug folder before executing the application.
    /// </remarks>
    
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Declare variables.
            Vehicle[] x = new Vehicle[8];
            String theModel;
            int theYear, theMiles, i;
            String inputFileName = "vehicles.txt", line;

            // Create StreamReader object.
            StreamReader inFile = new StreamReader(inputFileName);

            // Create array of Vehicle objects from file data.
            for(i = 0; inFile.Peek() != -1; i++)
            {
                line = inFile.ReadLine();
                theModel = line.Substring(0, 19).Trim();
                theYear = int.Parse(line.Substring(20, 4).Trim());
                theMiles = int.Parse(line.Substring(25, 6).Trim());
                x[i] = new Vehicle(theModel, theYear, theMiles);
            }

            // Print Vehicle array.
            for(i = 0; i <= x.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
                if (x[i] != null)
                    Console.WriteLine(x[i]);
                else
                    Console.WriteLine("null");
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Print array item with index 3. 
            // (Invokes Vehicle.ToString method.)
            Console.WriteLine(x[3]);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Ford Taurus 2003 35000
Volkswagon Passat 2002 76000
Toyota Corolla 1996 97000
Nissan Sentra 1994 107000
Volkswagen Jetta 2002 12000
null
null
null

Nissan Sentra 1994 107000

--- C#-2.VehicleArray.Vehicle -------------------------------

using System;
namespace VehicleArray
{
    /// <summary>
    /// VehicleArray Example: Creates and prints an array 
    /// of Vehicle objects.  The data is obtained from 
    /// the text file vehicles.txt.
    /// </summary>
    
    class Vehicle
    {
        private string mvarModel;
        private int mvarYear;
        private int mvarMiles;

        public Vehicle(string theModel, int theYear, int theMiles)
        {
            mvarModel = theModel;
            mvarYear = theYear;
            if (theMiles >= 0)
                mvarMiles = theMiles;
            else
                mvarMiles = 0;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return mvarModel + " " + mvarYear + " " + mvarMiles;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.VehicleCol.Program.cs ==============================

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
namespace VehicleCol
{
    /// <summary>
    /// VehicleCol Example:  Creates, accesses and modifies an 
    /// ArrayList collection of Vehicle objects.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Copy the vehicle.csv file from the source code folder
    /// to the bin/Debug folder before executing the application.
    /// </remarks>
    
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Declare variables.
            string theModel, line, inputFileName = "vehicles.csv";
            string[] fields;
            int theYear, theMiles;
            Vehicle vehicle;
            StreamReader inFile = new StreamReader(inputFileName);
            ArrayList col = new ArrayList();

            // Read data and create array of Vehicle objects.
            while(inFile.Peek() > -1)
            {
                line = inFile.ReadLine();
                fields = line.Split(',');
                theModel = fields[0];
                theYear = int.Parse(fields[1]);
                theMiles = int.Parse(fields[2]);
                col.Add(new Vehicle(theModel, theYear, theMiles));
            }

            // Print all vehicles in the collection.
            foreach(Object obj in col)
                Console.WriteLine(obj);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // Print vehicle with index 1.
            Console.WriteLine(col[1]);

            // Modify vehicle with index 1 in two ways.
            // Way #1.
            ((Vehicle)col[1]).Miles = 86000;
            Console.WriteLine(col[1]);
            Console.WriteLine(col[1]);

            // Way #2.
            vehicle = (Vehicle)col[1];
            vehicle.Miles = 88000;
            Console.WriteLine(col[1]);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Ford Taurus 2003 35000
Volkswagon Passat 2002 76000
Toyota Corolla 1996 97000

Volkswagon Passat 2002 76000
Volkswagon Passat 2002 86000
Volkswagon Passat 2002 86000
Volkswagon Passat 2002 88000

--- C#-2.VehicleCol.Vehicle.cs ------------------------------

using System;
namespace VehicleCol
{
    /// <summary>
    /// VehicleCol Example: Creates and prints an ArrayList 
    /// collection of Vehicle objects.  The data is obtained 
    /// from the text file vehicles.txt.
    /// </summary>
    
    public class Vehicle
    {
        private string mvarModel;
        private int mvarYear;
        private int mvarMiles;

        public Vehicle(string theModel, int theYear, int theMiles)
        {
            mvarModel = theModel;
            mvarYear = theYear;
            if (theMiles >= 0)
                mvarMiles = theMiles;
            else
                mvarMiles = 0;
        }

        public int Miles
        {
            get { return mvarMiles; }
            set { mvarMiles = value; }
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return mvarModel + " " + mvarYear + " " + mvarMiles;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Employee.Program.cs ================================

using System;
namespace Employee
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Employee Example: Illustrates an inheritance hierarchy. 
    /// Tests the overloaded computeSalary, display, 
    /// and ToString methods.
    /// </summary>
    
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Person x = new Person("Nancy", 'F', 29);
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Person.display >>>");
            x.display();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Person.ToString >>>");
            Console.WriteLine(x);
            Console.WriteLine();

            Employee y = new Employee("Bill", 'M', 34, 34235, 95000);
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Employee.display >>>");
            y.display();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Employee.ToString >>>");
            Console.WriteLine(y);
            Console.WriteLine();

            Executive z = new Executive("Charles", 'M', 34, 
                98373, 240000, 80000);
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Executive.display >>>");
            z.display();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Executive.ToString >>>");
            Console.WriteLine(z);
            Console.WriteLine();

            Console.WriteLine(">>> Employee.computeSalary >>>");
            Console.WriteLine(y.computeSalary());
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine(">>> Executive.computeSalary >>>");
            Console.WriteLine(z.computeSalary());

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}


// Console Output:
>>> Person.display >>>
Name = Nancy
Gender = F
Age = 29

>>> Person.ToString >>>
Nancy F 29

>>> Employee.display >>>
Name = Bill
Gender = M
Age = 34
ID = 34235
Salary = 95000

>>> Employee.ToString >>>
Bill M 34 34235 95000

>>> Executive.display >>>
Name = Charles
Gender = M
Age = 34
ID = 98373
Salary = 240000
Bonus = 80000

>>> Executive.ToString >>>
Charles M 34 98373 240000 80000

>>> Employee.computeSalary >>>
95000

>>> Executive.computeSalary >>>
320000

--- C#-2.Employee.Person.cs ---------------------------------

using System;
namespace Employee
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Employee Example: Illustrates an inheritance hierarchy. 
    /// Tests the overloaded computeSalary, display, 
    /// and ToString methods.
    /// </summary>

    public class Person
    {
        private string name;
        private char gender;
        private int age;

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized Constructor
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n">Name</param>
        /// <param name="g">Gender</param>
        /// <param name="a">Age</param>
        public Person(string n, char g, int a)
        {
            name = n;
            gender = g;
            age = a;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Display class fields to console.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Name = " + name);
            Console.WriteLine("Gender = " + gender);
            Console.WriteLine("Age = " + age);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Override of object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Concatenated class fields.</returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return name + " " + gender + " " + age;
        }
    }
}

--- C#-2.Employee.Employee.cs -------------------------------

using System;
namespace Employee
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Employee Example: Illustrates an inheritance hierarchy. 
    /// Tests the overloaded computeSalary, display, 
    /// and ToString methods.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// An Employee is a Person with an ID and salary.
    /// </remarks>
    
    public class Employee : Person
    {
        private int id;
        protected double salary;

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized Constructor
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n">Name</param>
        /// <param name="g">Gender</param>
        /// <param name="a">Age</param>
        /// <param name="i">ID</param>
        /// <param name="s">Salary</param>
        public Employee(string n, char g, int a, 
            int i, double s) : base(n, g, a)
        {
            id = i;
            salary = s;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Display class fields to console.
        /// </summary>
        public override void display()
        {
            base.display();
            Console.WriteLine("ID = " + id);
            Console.WriteLine("Salary = " + salary);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Override of object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Concatenated class fields.
        /// </returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return base.ToString() + " " + id + " " + salary;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compute salary.  No bonus is included for Employee.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// Salary
        /// </returns>
        public virtual double computeSalary()
        {
            return salary;
        }
    }
}

--- C#-2.Employee.Executive.cs ------------------------------

using System;
namespace Employee
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Employee Example: Illustrates an inheritance hierarchy. 
    /// Tests the overloaded computeSalary, display, 
    /// and ToString methods.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// An Executive is an Employee with a bonus.
    /// </remarks>
  
    public class Executive : Employee
    {
        private double bonus;

        /// <summary>
        /// Parameterized constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n">Name</param>
        /// <param name="g">Gender</param>
        /// <param name="a">Age</param>
        /// <param name="i">ID</param>
        /// <param name="s">Salary</param>
        /// <param name="b">Bonus</param>
        public Executive(string n, char g, int a,
            int i, double s, double b) : base(n, g, a, i, s)
        {
            bonus = b;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Display class fields to console.
        /// </summary>
        public override void display()
        {
            base.display();
            Console.WriteLine("Bonus = " + bonus);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Override of object ToString method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Concatenated class fields.
        /// </returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return base.ToString() + " " + bonus;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compute salary.  The bonus is included for Executive.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// Salary
        /// </returns>
        public override double computeSalary()
        {
            return salary + bonus;
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Virtual.Program.cs ==================================

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Virtual
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Virtual Example: Illustrates that overloaded 
    /// methods in C# are "virtual." The method called 
    /// depends on the object type, not the reference variable 
    /// type.
    /// </summary>
    
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Person[] a = new Person[3];
            int i;

            a[0] = new Person("Scott", 'M', 40);
            a[1] = new Employee("Robert", 'M', 32, 84732, 45000);
            a[2] = new Executive("Maggie", 'F', 28, 76293, 
                198000, 40000);

            for (i = 0; i <= a.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
            {
                a[i].display();
                Console.WriteLine();
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
Name = Scott
Gender = M
Age = 40

Name = Robert
Gender = M
Age = 32
ID = 84732
Salary = 45000

Name = Maggie
Gender = F
Age = 28
ID = 76293
Salary = 198000
Bonus = 40000

--- C#-2.Virtual.Person.cs -----------------------------------

Same as in Employee Example above.

--- C#-2.Virtual.Employee.cs -----------------------------------

Same as in Employee Example above.

--- C#-2.Virtual.Executive.cs -----------------------------------

Same as in Employee Example above.

=== C#-2.Abstract.Program.cs ====================================

using System;
namespace Abstract
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Abstract Example: Shows the syntax of an abstract class 
    /// and method.
    /// </summary>

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Child x = new Child();
            x.F();
            x.G();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

// Console Output:
In method Parent.F
In method Child.G

--- C#-2.Parent.Parent.cs ------------------------------------

using System;
namespace Abstract
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Abstract Example: Shows the syntax of an abstract class 
    /// and method.
    /// </summary>
    
    public abstract class  Parent
    {
 
        public void F()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("In method Parent.F");
        }

        public abstract void G();
    }
}

--- C#-2.Parent.Child.cs -------------------------------------

using System;
namespace Abstract
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Abstract Example: Shows the syntax of an abstract class 
    /// and method.
    /// </summary>

    public class Child : Parent
    {
        public override void G()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("In method Child.G");
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.Virtual.Program.cs ==================================

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Brushes
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Brushes Example: Show the effect of using these brushes: 
    /// HatchBrush, LinearGradientBrush, SolidBrush, TextureBrush.
    /// Note that Brush is an abstract class.
    /// </summary>
    
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Brush brush;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            Rectangle r = new Rectangle(15, 15, ClientSize.Width - 30,
                ClientSize.Height - 30);
            e.Graphics.FillRectangle(brush, r);
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            brush = new SolidBrush(Color.White);
        }

        private void mnuHatch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            brush = new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.ZigZag, 
                Color.DarkOrchid, Color.Beige);
            this.Invalidate();
        }

        private void mnuLinearGradient_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            brush = new LinearGradientBrush(new Point(15, 15),
                new Point(ClientSize.Width - 20, ClientSize.Width - 20),
                Color.Blue, Color.Red);
            this.Invalidate();
        }

        private void mnuSolid_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            brush = new SolidBrush(Color.MediumTurquoise);
            this.Invalidate();
        }

        private void mnuTextured_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            brush = new TextureBrush(Image.FromFile("../../Pizza.jpg"));
            this.Invalidate();
        }
    }
}

=== C#-2.TryCatch.Program.cs =================================

// Console Output, Run #1:
Enter the dividend: 6
Enter the divisor: 3
6 / 3 = 2

The finally clause is always executed.

// Console Output, Run #2:
Enter the dividend: 6
Enter the divisor: 0
Division by Zero.

System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
   at TryCatch.Program.Main() in 
   C:\Classes\0ndp-Fall-06\cs2-TextFile\cs2-ToRun\
TryCatch\TryCatch\Program.cs:line 24

The finally clause is always executed.

// Console Output, Run #3:
Enter the dividend: R
Enter the divisor: 8
Nonnumeric Input.

System.FormatException: Input string was not in a correct format.
   at System.Number.StringToNumber(String str, 
   NumberStyles options, NumberBuffer& number, 
   NumberFormatInfo info, Boolean parseDecimal) at 
   System.Number.ParseInt32(String s, NumberStyles style, 
   NumberFormatInfo info)
   at System.Int32.Parse(String s)
   at TryCatch.Program.Main() in 
   C:\Classes\0ndp-Fall-06\cs2-TextFile\cs2-ToRun\
TryCatch\TryCatch\Program.cs:line 22

The finally clause is always executed.

==============================================================