To define normal scores using Van der Waerden's method,
find z-scores that divide the standard normal curve into n+1 equal
areas of 1/(n+1) each. For example, the normal scores when n = 5 are
defined by the bins (-∞, -0.97],
(-0.97, -0.43], (-0.43, 0.00], (0.00, 0.43], [0.43, 0.97],
(0.97, ∞). Each of these bins has area 1/(5+1) = 0.1667.
This means that the normal scores for a dataset with n = 5 are
-0.97, -0.43, 0.00, 0.43, and 0.97.
We can also see that the bins
(-∞, -0.97], (-∞, -0.43], (-∞, 0.00], (-∞, 0.43],
(-∞, 0.97] have areas 1/6 = 0.1667, 1/3 = 0.3333, 1/2 = 0.5000,
2/3 = 0.6667, 5/6 = 0.8333, respectively.