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PHP Control Structures

1. If..Else Statement

if ($score >= 90)
{
    echo "You got an A!";
}
elseif ($score >= 80)
{
    echo "You got a B!";
}
elseif ($score >= 70)
{
    echo "You got a C!";
}
elseif ($score >= 60)
{
    echo "You got a D!";
}
else
{
    echo "Sorry, you got an F!";
}

2. If..Else Statement, Alternate Syntax

if ($score >= 90) :
    echo "You got an A!";
elseif ($score >= 80) :
    echo "You got a B!";
elseif ($score >= 70) :
    echo "You got a C!";
elseif ($score >= 60) :
    echo "You got a D!";
else :
    echo "Sorry, you got an F!";
endif;

• No braces are needed with the alternate syntax.

3. While Loop

$n = 1;
while($n <= 100)
{
    echo $n,"\n";
    $n += 1;
}

4. While Loop, Alternate Syntax

$n = 1;
while($n <= 100) :
    echo $n,"\n";
    $n += 1;
endwhile;

5. Do Loop

$n = 1;
do
{
    echo $n,"\n";
    $n += 1;
}
while ($n <= 100);

• No alternate syntax is allowed with the do statement.

6. For Loop

for($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++)
{
    echo $i,"\n";
}

7. For Loop, Alternate Syntax

for($i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++) :
    echo $i,"\n";
endfor;

8. Switch Statement

switch ($n)
{
    case 1 :
        echo "one";
        break;
    case 2 :
        echo "two";
        break;
    case 3 :
        echo "three";
        break;
    default :
        echo "many";
        break;
}

9. Switch Statement, Alternate Syntax

switch ($n) :
    case 1 :
        echo "one";
        break;
    case 2 :
        echo "two";
        break;
    case 3 :
        echo "three";
        break;
    default :
        echo "many";
        break;
endswitch;

10. For Each Statement

• Iterate over values of an array.

  Suppose that $a is an array defined by
  

  $a = array(1 => "one", 2 => "two", 3 => "three"); 
  

• Then this is the syntax of the for each statement:
  

  foreach($a as $value)
  {
      echo "value=",$value,"\n";
  }
  

• To obtain both the key and the value for each array item use this syntax:
  

  for each($a as $key => $value)
  {
      echo "key=",$key," value=",$value,"\n";
  }
  

11. For Each Statement, Alternate Syntax

• To obtain the value only:
  

  for each($a as $value) :
      echo value=",$value,"\n";
  endforeach;
  

• To obtain both the key and the value:
  

  for each($a as $key => $value) :
      echo "key=",$key," value=",$value,"\n";
  endforeach;