#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    // Part 1: Static Cast.
    // Change a value of one datatype to
    // a value of a different type.
    int x[] = {4, 2, 7, 5, 9, 4};
    int sum = 0, count = 0, i;
    double ave;

    for(i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
        sum += x[i];
        count++;
    }
    ave = static_cast<double>(sum) / count;
    cout << "The average is " << ave << endl;

    // Part 2: Reinterpret Cast.
    // Convert a pointer of one datatype to a 
    // pointer of a different datatype.  This
    // cast only makes sense in unusual 
    // circumstances.
    float f = 4.756F;
    unsigned char *p;

    p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(&f);
    cout << hex << setfill('0');
    for(i = 0; i < sizeof(float); i++)
        cout << setw(2) << 
            static_cast<int>(*(p + i));
    cout << endl;
    cout << dec;

    // Part 3: Const Cast.
    // Used to cast away "const-ness" in
    // a pointer.
    const int u = 5, *q = &u;
    int *r;

    r = const_cast<int*>(q);
    *r += 7;
    cout << u << " " << *q << " " << *r << endl;
    cout << &u << " " << q << " " << r << endl; 

    // Part 4: Dynamic Cast
    // Used to cast to other types in 
    // an inheritance hierarchy.

    // To be discussed later.

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

// Output:
// The average is 5.16667
// 27319840
// 5 12 12
// 0012FF48 0012FF48 0012FF48