I. COURSE INTRODUCTION

• Papyrus plants
• Example of Egyptian (Demotic) text written on papyrus: account of wheat from 2nd century BC (P. Duk. inv. 723)
• Examples of Egyptian (Coptic) ostraca from Western Thebes
• Mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri in Western Thebes:
• Plan
• Recent photograph of site
• Photograph of site prior to Edouard Naville's excavations
• Photograph of site during Edouard Naville's excavations

• Map of Egypt (I)
• Map of Egypt (II)
• Map of Egypt (III), including Nubia
• Map of Egypt (IV): Greco-Roman sites
• Topographic features of the Nile Delta
• Infra-red satellite photograph of Egypt & the Nile River Valley  Cultivated lands in the delta and in the river valley (on both sides of the Nile) are indicated in red.
• Nile River looking south (Upper Egypt, north of Esna)
• West Bank of Nile River (Upper Egypt).  Photograph taken in 1988 during a period of low river levels in which the sandbanks of the riverbed were exposed.
• Flooded crop basin (Western Thebes)
• Field under cultivation (Western Thebes)
• Aerial photograph of farm plots (Luxor), enclosed by small mudbanks in a manner reminiscent of the large crop-basins of ancient times.  The plots are encircled by irrigation ditches fed by a water pump at the river's edge.
• Main irrigation canal (modern) (Western Thebes), view to south
• Meidum  Edge of cultivation north of the destroyed pyramid of Sneferu, revealing the abrupt change between the lush vegetation and the lifeless desert sand.
• Cross-section of Nile River Valley
• Basin irrigation (1): Reconstructed plan
• Basin irrigation (2): Low water - the basin prior to the inundation (hypothetical)
• Basin irrigation (3): Opening feeder canals and filling the basins
• Basin irrigation (4): High water level - the filled basins
• Virtual reconstruction of shaduf
• Decoration from Alexandrian tomb, showing ox-drawn waterwheel (Roman Period)
• Scorpion macehead (Late Predynastic Period)
• Ground floor plan of Structure C123 at Karanis, with findspots of receipts for work on the dykes (Roman Period)

• Chronological framework (Predynastic to Byzantine Period)
• Rosetta Stone
• Excavated houses at Karanis
• Excavated house  at Kellis
• Excavations at Alexandria
• Kom el-Dik (Roman Period)
• Baths
• Townhouses
• Theatre
• Royal Quarter (Ptolemaic Period)
• Map showing artifact finds from underwater archaeology
• Sphinx of Ptolemy XII in situ
• Sphinx of Ptolemy XII after its removal from water
• Rubbish mounds at Oxyrhynchus
• Predynastic pit grave
• Giza pyramids (Dynastic Period: Old Kingdom)
• Entrance to rock-cut tomb of Rameses XI (Dynastic Period: New Kingdom)
• Diagram of tomb interior
• Tomb painting: picking grapes (Dynastic Period: New Kingdom )
• Excavations of Greco-Roman cemetery at Terenouthis (Lower Egypt)
• Site plan
• Barrel-roofed tombs
• Pyramid-roofed tombs
• Stele of barrel-roofed tomb in situ
• Fragment of plaster wall painting of reclining woman in situ
• Artifacts
• Objects for comparison
• Part of Book of the Dead showing Anubis (Dynastic Period)
• Amphora from Greece (ca. 450 BC)
• Marble relief of funeral feast from Greece (ca. 400 BC)
• Christian figure in orans pose from Catacombs of the Via Latina in Rome (4th century AD)

• Systems model illustrating the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia
• Diagram illustrating the principle of superposition
• Sectional chart of Karanis site, illustrating the various levels of occupation (stratigraphy)
• Photograph of Karanis site, illustrating the various levels of occupation (stratigraphy)
• Seriation
• Graph illustrating the relationship between how much Carbon 14 is left in a sample & how old it is
• Predynastic burial illustration law of association
• Further examples of law of association
• Tomb of Tutankhamun
• Basic plan of tomb
• Tutankhamun's sarcophagus
• Antechamber of  tomb, with its jumble of furnishings
• Use of hot-air balloons for aerial photography (Theban Mapping Project: Medinet Habu)
• Photo 1
• Photo 2
• Photo 3
• Crop marks: aerial photograph of crop-marks revealing Roman military camp
• Results of resistivity survey, showing outline of underlying structures
• Vertical excavation
• Horizontal or Open Area excavation
• Grid or Box excavation
• Recording information from an excavation
• Tomb of Senneferi (TT 99) (18th Dynasty)
• Excavation of tomb shafts using "artificial vertical stratigraphy"
• Archaeology exercise
• Diagram
• Structure at Layer C

• Link to Oxyrhynchus websites
• Duke University Papyrus Archive
• Main link
• Writing in Egypt under Greek & Roman rule
• Languages & scripts represented by papyri from Egypt & elsewhere
• Link to Advanced Papyrological Information System (APIS) search engine
• Papyri Exercise:
• Six-witness document: michigan.apis.2629 (IMAGE - Detail: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• Treatise on Latin grammar: michigan.apis.2247 (No image available)
• Homer, Iliad: P. Mich. inv. 6052 (IMAGE -Detail: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• Homer, Iliad: P. Mich. inv. 6055 (IMAGE - Detail: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• Demotic contract with Greek docket: berkeley.apis.1101 (IMAGE - Recto: Small)
• Declaration written with Egyptian rush pen: michigan.apis.1766 (IMAGE - Detail: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• Contract written with reed pen (kalamos): duke.apis.33001960 (IMAGE - Recto: 150dpi)
• School exercise(?): O. Mich. inv. 9010 (IMAGE - Overview: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• School exercise(?): O. Mich. inv. 9011 (IMAGE - Overview: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• Writing exercise: O. Mich. inv. 9105 (IMAGE - Overview: Front, Row 1, Column 1: Medium)
• Manufacture of papyrus
• Papyrus roll from Ptolemaic Period
• Production of codex from papyrus roll
• Photograph of pages from papyrus codex (pupil's notebook) dated to c. 4th century AD
• Writing materials other than papyrus
• P. Duk. inv. 5: Plato, Parmenides on parchment (5th century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 232: Alphabet exercise (Greek & Coptic) on a wood tablet (6th century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 233: Receipt (Greek) on a pottery fragment (ostracon) (1st century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 231: Magical text (Greek) on a lead tablet (3rd century AD)
• Languages & scripts
• Greek
• P. Duk. inv. 730: Philosophical text (3rd century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 45r: Report of judicial proceedings (1st century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 375v: Account (2nd century BC)
• Greek palaeography
• Example of chancery hand: SB I.4639 (209 AD)
• Example of unskilled hand: P. Lond. II.483, lines 92-94 (616 AD)
• Egyptian
• Hieroglyphic example
• Sample of Egyptian signs
• Coptic alphabet
• P. Princ. inv. GD 7967: Book of the Dead in Hieroglyphic (Ptolemaic Period?)
• P. Duk. inv. 800: Literary (religious) text in Hieratic (13th century BC)
• P. Duk. inv. 276r: Register of land in Demotic (3rd century BC)
• P. Duk. inv. 811r: Gospel of Matthew in Coptic (not before 6th century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 264: Contract in Coptic (6th century AD)
• Latin
• P. Duk. inv. 528: Loan contract (2nd century AD)
• P. Duk. inv. 798: Cicero, In Catilinam (not before 3rd century AD)
• Two wooden codices found in house at Kellis
• Close-up of one of the codices (agricultural account book)
• Papyrus documents found in house at Karanis
• Cartonnage mummy mask of woman made of papyrus and gesso
• Karanis plans & excavation photographs
• Structure B167
• Structure B115 & Area CA70
• Structures C60 & C65
• Elevation of Structure C65 (Granary) in cross-section
• Ground floor plan of Structure C65
• Looking east over Structure C65 (C63 in right background)
• Arches forming entrance to alcoves in front of storage vaults in C65 and supporting second floor balcony
• Dovecote in C65
• Demotic gardening agreement from Medinet Habu (Roman Period)

• Karanis
• Karanis: An Egyptian Town in Roman Times(Online version of Course Packet reading)
• Toys & Games from Karanis (Online exhibit)
• Various artifacts from Karanis (The Kelsey On-Line: The Roman Site of Karanis, Egypt)
• Music in Roman Egypt (Online exhibit featuring artifacts mainly from Karanis)
• A Taste of the Ancient World: Feeding Karanis (Online exhibit)
• Kellis
• From the Sands of the Sahara: Ancient Kellis & Its Texts (Online version of Course Packet reading)
• Bir Umm Fawakhir
• The Bir Umm Fawakhir Project
• Bir Umm Fawakhir: Insights into Ancient Egyptian Mining
• Berenike
• The Berenike Project
• Bacchias
• Street
• House
• Temple of Sokanobkonneus (western side)
• Plan of temple of Sokanobkonneus
• Terenouthis
• Portals to Eternity: The Necropolis at Terenouthis

• Chronological framework for Hellenistic, Roman & Byzantine Periods
• Map showing Alexander the Great's empire (ca. 323 BC)
• Relief from Tuna el-Gebel showing Ptolemy I
• Relief from Edfu showing Ptolemy VIII
• Temple of Isis at Philae (Hellenistic & Roman Periods)
• Interior of  temple showing Christian altar & crosses
• Map showing overseas possessions of Ptolemaic empire
• Relief from Esna showing Roman emperor Trajan (98-117 AD) in traditional Egyptian pose, subduing the enemies of Egypt
• Ivory label showing early Egyptian king (Den) in similar pose (ca. 2960 BC)
• Mummy portrait of a boy named Eutyches (2nd century AD)
• Monastery of Epiphanius in Thebes (Byzantine Period)
• Dynastic (Middle Kingdom) tomb of Dagi, which forms nucleus of Monastery
• Plan
• Reconstruction