The American Sociological Association (ASA) recommends using references in parentheses within the text of your paper, for example: (Gibson 1993). Multi-author works use this format: (Diamond et al. 1990). If two works would receive the same citation, either list the names of other authors or give a brief title: (Edelsky, Altwerger, and Flores 1990) or (Edelsky, Whole Language). When you use a partial title, use a comma after the author's name.
References follow the paper in alphabetical order; see sample formats below. For detailed instructions, see the ASA Style Guide (Lincoln Park and Loop Reference, R.808.02 A512a 1997). See also "Preparation Checklist for ASA Manuscripts" on the Web: http://www.asanet.org/pubs/notice.pdf
Book titles should be in italics or underlined. Names of cities should be followed by the state abbreviation or the name of the country, except for major cities (New York, Chicago, London, Paris).
––One author
Bobbio, Norberto. 1987. The Future of Democracy: A Defense of the Rules of the Game. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
––Several authors
Note that only the name of the first author is inverted.
Diamond, Larry, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin. 1990. Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
––Chapters in books
Put the chapter title in quotes and either underline or italicize the title of the book.
Gibson, James L. 1993. "Emerging Democratic Values in Soviet Political Culture." Pp. 69–94 in Public Opinion and Regime Change, edited by A. Miller and W. M. Reisinger. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Note that the title of the article is enclosed in quotes. The title of the journal is in italics or underlined. The issue number is not used if there is an issue date.
––One author
Ake, Claude. 1991. "Rethinking African Democracy." Journal of Democracy 2(1):32–47.
––Several authors
Whitmore, Kathryn F. and Caryl G. Crowell. 1994. "What Makes a Good Question is...." New Advocate 7(1): 45-57.
––Articles printed or downloaded from an electronic database:
Note that the page numbers are omitted when the online, full-text version was used. Citations in text refer instead to paragraph numbers. Include the date of printing or downloading in brackets at the end of the reference.
Dillon, Michele. 1996. "The Persistence of Religious Identity among College Catholics." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 35(June):23 paragraphs. [Online]. Available: Periodical Abstracts [20 January 1999].
––Articles printed or downloaded from an online journal:
Note that the pages are included when the full image of the printed page of the journal is available online.
Abbott, Andrew. 1993. "The Sociology of Work and Occupations." Annual Review of Sociology 19:187-209. [Online.] Available: http://www.jstor.org/journals/03600572.html [20 January 1999].
––Newspaper articles
Note the newspaper section (C) following the page number.
Grimes, William. 1994. "Should Only Blacks Make Movies about Blacks?" New York Times, 28 March, 11(C).
Scheff, Thomas J. "Unpacking the Civilizing Process: Shame and Integration in Elias's Work." [Online.] Available: http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/social/elias/confpap/scheff2.html [20 January 1999].
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