There are several ways to determine the sequence of bytes that make up a program function.

Example 1

• Write a C function
• Use gcc to compile with the -c option
• Use objdump -d on the .o file to get the byte sequence for the machine instruction.

Example 2

Same as above, but write assembler instructions instead of a C function

• Using an editor (e.g. nano or emacs), create a file with assembler instructions (e.g. mycode.s)
• Use gcc to compile mycode.s, again with the -c option.