Luis Botelho and his coworkers in Lisbon, Portugal are among others working on similar problems. In their Salt and Pepper architecture this particular group integrates some of the earlier work by Sloman, Ritter, Ortony, Reilly, Elliott, and others, as well as Botelho's work on cognitive models of decision making []. They align themselves most closely with Sloman's Cognition and Affect project, but with an important distinction. Like Sloman, this group is more interested in building a robust and generalizable emotion model, which, while possibly not as immediately pragmatic in short-term applications, may be more useful in the long run. Possibly in contrast to the main thrust of the Sloman group which seems to focus somewhat on modeling the behavior of real systems, Botelho, et al. seek rather to define and represent a set of emotions unique to the artificial agent paradigm. Consistent with this bottom-up approach, in a recent application they have looked at appraisals leading to attention shifts, one of the clear uses of emotion in autonomous agents (and c.f. the early work of Toda [Toda1982]).