/* stringdemo.cpp
 * Anthony Larrain
 *
 * Demonstrates working with the C++ string class */
 
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /* several ways to build strings */
    string s1("tuesday"), s2(s1), s3 = "rainy", s4;
    
    /* can use the output operator on strings */
    cout << "s1 is  " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2 is  " << s2 << endl;
    cout << "s3 is  " << s3 << endl;
    cout << "s4 is  " << s4 << endl;
    
    /* can find the length or size of a string */
    cout << "The length of s1 is " << s1.length() << endl;
    cout << "The length of s2 is " << s2.size()   << endl;
    cout << "The length of s3 is " << s3.length() << endl;
    cout << "The length of s4 is " << s4.size()   << endl;
    
    /* can add characters to the end of a string */
    s3.append(" night");
    cout << "s3 is now " << s3 << endl;
    
    string linebreak("\n\n");
    
    /* pad the string with 40 hyphens */
    linebreak.append(40,'-');
    
    /* add two newline characters to the end of the string */
    linebreak.append("\n\n");
    
    cout << linebreak;
    
    /* can check for empty string */
    if(s4.empty()){
        cout << "string s4 is empty" << linebreak;
    }else{
        cout << "string s4 not empty" << linebreak;
    }
    
    /* can find characters in a string */
    string line("hello;hola");
    int pos = line.find(";");
    cout << "The first occurrence of ';' is at position  " << pos << linebreak;
    
    /* can return a substring of a string */
    string english = line.substr(0,pos);
    string spanish = line.substr(pos + 1);
    cout << "The english word is " << english << endl;
    cout << "The spanish word is " << spanish << linebreak;
    
    /* more on find */
    string record("fred;flint;555-1212;");
    pos = record.find(";");
    string first = record.substr(0,pos);
    record = record.substr(pos + 1);    
    pos = record.find(";");
    string last = record.substr(0,pos);
    string phone = record.substr(pos + 1);
    cout << "First name: " << first << endl
         << "Last  name: " << last  << endl
         << "Phone     : " << phone << linebreak;
    
    
    /* can use the input operator on strings */
    cout << "Enter your first name" << endl;      
    cin  >> s4;
    cout << "Hello " << s4 << endl;
    
    
    /* can read a line */
    cout << "Enter your complete name " << endl;
    
    /* PROBLEM : Since we used the input operator above, the input operator
     * leaves the newline character in the stream.*/
    cin.ignore(80,'\n'); // ships over newline character 
    getline(cin,s4);
    cout << "Hello " << s4 << linebreak;
    
    /* operator < has been overloaded */
    string last1("flinstone"), last2("rubble");
    if(last1 < last2 ) {
        cout << last1 << " comes before " << last2 << linebreak;
    }else{
        cout << last1 << " does not come before " << last2 << linebreak;
    }
    /* Note when a class overloads one relational operator typically
     * the remaining relational operators have been overloaded. */
    
    string last3;
    last3 = last2;  // overloaded assignment.
    
    /* operator == has been overloaded */
    if(last3 == last2){
        cout << "They are equal" << linebreak;
    }
    
    /* operator [] has been overloaded */
    last3[0] = 'R';
    cout << "Last2 is ..  " << last2 << endl;
    cout << "Last3 is ..  " << last3 << linebreak;
    
    /* operator != has been overloaded */
    if(last2 != last3){
        cout << "Now they are not equal" << linebreak;
    }
    
    /* operator + has been overloaded */
    string name = "barney " + last2;
    cout << name << linebreak;
    
    /* operator += has been overloaded */
    name += " is plays guitar";
    cout << name << linebreak;
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
         
    
    
    
    
    
    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}