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Brazil
Society and Culture of Globalizing Cities: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador
Coming your way...
Summer 2009
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For More information about the program contact:
Dr. Fassil Demissie Dr. Robert Adams fdemissie@depaul.edu adams9@depaul.edu
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Dear Prospective Applicant
The Study Abroad Office, DePaul University is planning a short term summer program to São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador to explore the relationship between the process of globalization and Brazilian cities. Two course will be offered by Professor Fassil Demissie (Public Policy Studies) and Professor Robert Adams (International Studies). The program is schedule to be offered in the summer of 2009. The proposed Study Abroad Program focuses on examining how people make urban life meaningful in cultural and social terms in the globalizing cities of Brazil. The two courses explore the following questions: How do people create a sense of place, of community, and urban identity? What are the historical and socio-cultural contexts that frame opportunities, constraints and uncertainties of urban life? What sort of cultural resources do people use to mediate the social and economic changes brought about by globalization? How do local governments and grassroot community organizations respond to the austerity programs imposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank? What institutional mechanisms have been developed by local, regional and national governments to cope with the unprecedented urban growth? What forms of solidarity, social knowledge and spaces of hope are being carved out by community organizations to improve the conditions of poor people who live in these cities? In addressing these and other questions, the Study Aboard Program to Brazil explores the ways in which anthropologists and urbanists deploy the concepts of culture and urban life in order to understand the lived experiences of people in these cities. We will also examine how issues of social identity, race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, nationalism and citizenship, family and religious affiliations deeply impact the ways in which people negotiate the material and social world of their lived experiences. In each city, we will grapple with structural inequality, institutional constraints, social conflict, urban solidarity, as well as social and cultural productions that are embedded in specific historical and political contexts. Our study of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador and the social and cultural change brought by globalization pays particular attention to the intersection of culture, power, identity, grassroot mobilization and the lived experience of people who are caught in the global web of new forms of urbanity that scholars have now identified as a distinct kind of polynucleated and fragmented urban form of “postmodern urbanism”. This particular form of urbanism also involves a contest over the use of urban space, particularly in regards to who belongs where and with what entitlements or citizenship rights.
Course Description
PPS 397: Globalizing Cities and New Forms of Urbanity: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador (Fassil Demissie) Transnational processes, whether seen as an institutional or as discursive practice, have fundamentally challenged not only nation states, but also the fortune of cities and regions around the world. Global cities are the vortex through which the circulation of capital, commodities, images, and people constantly circulate; often in discrete phases consisting of short and concentrated bursts characteristic of the global economy. The course emphasizes the centrality of globalizing cities as strategic sites for the repositioning of cities within nation-states and across the globe. These cities simultaneously function as the cauldron for new forms of urbanity as well as local sites where diverse social and cultural geographies collide and mix in the highly charged symbolic spaces associated with the present phase of globalization.
The course also examines the analytic terrain of global cities beyond the geographical circuit of North American and European cities, and interrogates various aspects of globalizing cities in the South in general, and Brazil in particular. It focuses on the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador as specific case studies for examining new forms of urbanity. In addition, the course also explores the role of social movements of the poor, and the particular forms of agency embedded in the social and material realities of every day life in these cities.
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INT 397: Special Topics: Urban Space and Social Movements in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador (Robert Adams). Cities are more than a collection of neighborhoods and districts determined by bureaucratically defined boundaries. Cities are also dreamscapes in which different groups and communities articulate their desires in physical space. This course uses Brazil, as a case study to examine competing definitions of the role of urban landscapes. Since the founding of Brazil as a Portuguese colony in the sixteenth century, Brazilian cities have been important sites of political and social contestation over conflicting visions of the physical and imagined city. Brazilian elites desired cities that demonstrated European cosmopolitan tastes. They wanted cities that exuded modernist progress, marked by citadels of commerce, grand boulevards, and healthy green spaces. In sum, early Brazilian colonists sought to create “modern” cities in the “new world.” The modernist city, what Angel Rama called the “lettered city,” was intended for the educated minority of respectable citizens (1)
In contrast, the Brazilian masses aspired to build and live in a democratic city. The masses, struggling to survive, had no need for modernist spectacles; they needed spaces of opportunity that provided for their social and physical needs. As the elite sought to banish the masses from the cities, the masses resisted their constant efforts to remake the city. The popular classes were often forced to move, but they could not be forced from the city. Brazil’s history of class, ethnic, gender, and racial discrimination, legacies of slavery and the plantation economy, aggravated the contest over urban space. Therefore, the vision of the democratic city has emphasized the creation of nondiscriminatory urban spaces.
This course uses the conflict over urban space to interrogate Brazilian culture, history, and society. It combines directed anthropological and historical readings with guest lectures and site visits in diverse regions of the country. By studying three distinct Brazilian cities—Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Salvador—this course examines the Brazilian city as a site of political and social contestation in historical and contemporary contexts. The course highlights how the conflict between the two urban models—the modernist city and the democratic city—uniquely shaped the production of culture, formation of identities, development of social institutions, and the division of space in each city. The course pays special attention to social movements that advanced mass demands for a place in the city.
(1) Rama, Angel. 1996. The Lettered City. John Chasteen, Trans. Durham: Duke University Press.
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