#import math
from math import ceil, sqrt

def stringCount(fname, target):
    '''return the number of times target
appears in fname'''
    infile = open(fname, 'r')
    #s = infile.read()
    lst = infile.readlines()
    infile.close()
    #return s.count(target)
    count = 0
    for line in lst:
        count += line.count(target)
    return count

def numChars(fname):
    'return the number of characters in fname'
    infile = open(fname, 'r')
    #contents = infile.read()
    lst = infile.readlines()
    infile.close()
    #return(len(contents))
    count = 0
    for line in lst:
        count += len(line)
    return count

def numLines(fname):
    'return the number of lines in fname'
    infile = open(fname, 'r')
    lst = infile.readlines()
    #print(lst)
    infile.close()
    return len(lst)

def top(n):
    'return the ceiling of the sqrt of n'
    #return math.ceil(math.sqrt(n))
    return ceil(sqrt(n))