One of the interesting corollary research projects being
conducted by the Youth Tobacco Access Project involves
looking at the receptivity of our participating communities
to the intervention collaboration. We examine information
that assists in placing each community in stages using scales
like the one listed below. In this way we can establish baseline
measures of what our communities are currently doing, as
well as measuring changes over time.

The following consists of scales currently used to
assess what each community is doing with regard to the
enforcement of tobacco laws. It may be interesting to
estimate where your community falls on these dimensions,
which may prove to impact youth smoking behavior.

Community readiness theory is “based on the underlying premises that: 1) communities are at different stages of readiness for dealing with a specific problem, 2) that the stage of readiness can be accurately assessed, 3) that communities can be moved through a series of stages to develop, implement, maintain, and improve effective programs, and 4) that it is critical to identify the stage of readiness because interventions to move communities to the next stage differ for each stage of readiness” (Edwards et al., 1999, paragraph 11). The development of these stages and the model itself has been informed by two separate yet related processes: psychological readiness for treatment and community development (Donnermeyer et al., 1997; Jumper Thurman et al., 1999; Oetting et al., 1995). Created for use in describing people with addictive behaviors, the model of psychological readiness for treatment demonstrated that individual readiness was a critical factor in the successful initiation and implementation of psychotherapeutic treatment (Edwards et al., 1999; Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross (1992) describe five stages of change in individuals: (a) precontemplation – no intention to change behavior and a lack of awareness of problem; (b) contemplation – awareness of problem but no commitment to take action; (c) preparation – intention to take action; (d) action – implementation of desired behavior change; and (e) maintenance – consolidation of gains achieved through the action stage and prevention of relapse to earlier stages (Prochaska et al., 1992). While this model provided a useful analogue, it did not provide a sufficient number of stages to reflect the multidimensional and group processes necessary for a comprehensive model of community readiness.

From the field of community development, community readiness theory draws from two parallel processes: Beal’s (1964) social action process and Rogers’ (1983) diffusion of innovations model. Beal’s social action process describes the initiation and legitimization of change within a community by using five stages (Donnermeyer et al., 1997; Oetting et al., 1995): (a) stimulation of interest – the recognition of need for a new idea within the community; (b) initiation – the proposal and promotion of a new idea by community members; (c) legitimization – the decision by community members to do something; (d) decision to act – the development of a specific plan of action; and (e) action – the implementation of a plan of action. Rogers’ (1983) diffusion of innovations model describes the innovation decision-making process, which also includes five stages: (a) knowledge – an individual learns of an innovation’s existence; (b) persuasion – an individual forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation; (c) decision – an individual makes a decision to adopt or reject an innovation; (d) implementation – an individual puts the innovation to use; and (e) confirmation – an individual decides whether or not to use the innovation again.

Although the three processes described above have distinct characteristics, Oetting et al. (1995) note that they also share certain similarities: “They include the presence of a felt need, a period of information gathering, a stage of considering alternatives and developing plans, some form of initial implementation, and a commitment to continue beyond the initial adoption period” (p. 665). Despite the utility of these models as a useful point of departure for developing a model of community readiness, they proved inadequate in describing several key community processes, which include defining a local problem, deciding whether or not to take action, and considering the modification or expansion of existing programs (Donnermeyer et al., 1997). To more accurately portray these aspects, a revised model of the stages of community readiness was produced, which incorporated elements of psychological readiness for treatment and community development processes along with the experiences of prevention program practitioners and researchers (Donnermeyer et al., 1997; Oetting et al., 1995).

The resulting model of community readiness assesses communities along six dimensions and results in assigning the community to one of nine stages (Plested et al., 1998; Donnermeyer et al., 1997; Oetting et al. 1995). The six dimensions are: (a) community efforts such as programs, activities, and policies; (b) community knowledge of the efforts; (c) leadership, including appointed leaders and influential community members; (d) community climate; (e) community knowledge about the issue; and (f) resources related to the issue, such as people, money, time, and space.

The nine resulting stages are: (a) No Awareness – the issue is not recognized by the community or its leaders as a problem; (b) Denial – the community feels that the problem does not exist, or that change is impossible; (c) Vague Awareness – there is recognition of the problem, but not motivation for action; (d) Preplanning – there is recognition of a problem and agreement that something needs to be done; (e) Preparation – active planning is occurring; (f) Initiation – a program has been implemented; (g) Stabilization – one or two programs are operating and are stable; (h) Confirmation/Expansion – there is recognition of limitations and attempts to improve existing programs; and (i) Professionalization – prevention efforts are marked by sophistication, training, and effective evaluation. With each successive stage in the community readiness model, there is corresponding improvement in the characteristics that promote community readiness.

Be it ordained by the City Council [or Board of Supervisors] of the village/city of __________, __________ County, Illinois, a home rule municipality in the exercise of its home rule powers, as follows:

SECTION ONE: That the Code of Ordinances of the village/city of __________, __________ County, Illinois, is hereby amended by adding thereto a new Chapter ____ entitled, “Comprehensive Regulation of Tobacco Products.”

The City Council [or Board of Supervisors] finds cigarette smoking and other tobacco use by minors a grave public health problem. Therefore, the purpose of this ordinance is to implement a strict and enforceable system to prevent the illegal sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products to minors.

2. There exists substantial scientific evidence that the use of tobacco products causes cancer, heart disease, and various other medical disorders;

3. The Surgeon General of the United States has declared that nicotine addiction from tobacco is similar to addiction to cocaine and is the most widespread example of drug dependence in this country;

4. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have found that among persons who have ever tried a cigarette, more than 80 percent reported having had their first cigarette before age 18; and

5. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has found that cigarette smoking precedes and may be predictive of adolescent illicit drug use.

B. The enactment of this chapter intends to further the health, welfare and safety of the residents of the village/city of __________, __________ County, Illinois, particularly those residents under eighteen (18) years of age.

For the purposes of this Chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them:

“Compliance Check” means an inspection conducted with the intention of assessing retail sales of tobacco products to minors and enforcing age-of-sales laws. Compliance checks are conducted by having designated persons under the age of eighteen (18) years of age attempt to purchase tobacco products from vendors.

“License” means a license issued by the City [or County] of ________ for the retail sale of tobacco products.

“Licensee” means the holder of a valid license for the retail sale of tobacco products.

“Public Place” means an area to which the public is invited or in which the public is permitted, including but not limited to any right-of-way, mall or shopping center, park, playground, and any other property owned by the City, any school district, or any park district.

“Self-Service Displays” means open displays of tobacco products and point-of-sale tobacco promotional products that the public has access to without intervention of a store employee.

“Tobacco Products” means any substance containing tobacco leaf, including, but not limited to, cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff, chewing tobacco or dipping tobacco.

“Vending Machine” means any mechanical, electric or electronic, self-service device which, upon insertion of money, tokens or any form of payment, dispenses tobacco products.

It shall be unlawful to sell or offer for sale at retail, give away, deliver or to keep with the intention of selling at retail, giving away or delivering tobacco products within the village/city without having first obtained a valid tobacco retailer’s license from the Village/City [or County] for each location in which tobacco products are sold. All such licenses must be renewed annually. Such license shall be in addition to any other license required by this code.

The fee for a one-year tobacco retailer’s license is one hundred dollars ($100) for each tobacco retail location.

A tobacco retail license is non-transferable, except a new license will be issued to a tobacco retailer who changes location.

There shall be no more than [number] licensed tobacco vendors in the City [or County] of _________________ at any point in time. Licenses will be issued in the order that applications are received. Licenses will cease to be issued at the time that [number] licenses have been issued and will not be issued again until the number of licensed vendors is below [number] due to revocation of a vendor’s license or failure of a vendor to renew a license.

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, give away or deliver tobacco products to any person under the age of eighteen (18) years.

Signs informing the public of the age-of-sale restrictions shall be posted by every licensee at or near every display of tobacco products and on or upon every vending machine which offers tobacco products for sale. Each sign shall be plainly visible and shall state:

“THE SALE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS TO PERSONS UNDER
EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE IS PROHIBITED BY LAW”

The text of such signs must be in red letters on a white background, and said letters must be at least one inch (1”) high.

No licensee shall sell or permit to be sold cigarettes or other tobacco products to an individual appearing younger than the age of twenty-seven (27) without requesting and examining photographic identification establishing the purchaser’s age as eighteen (18) years of age or greater.

It shall be unlawful for any person under the age of eighteen (18) years to purchase tobacco products or to misrepresent their age or use any false or altered identification with the intention of purchasing tobacco products.

It shall be unlawful for any licensee, officer, associate, member, representative, agent or employee of such licensee to engage, employ or permit any person under eighteen (18) years of age to sell tobacco products on any vendor’s premises.

Tobacco vending machines or any other devices for the sale or distribution of tobacco products are prohibited.

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, give away or deliver tobacco products within one hundred (100’) of any school, child care facility or other building used for educational or recreational purposes by persons under eighteen (18) years of age.

No person shall knowingly distribute or furnish without charge or at nominal charge, or cause to be furnished without charge or at nominal charge, cigarettes or other tobacco products, or coupons for cigarettes or other tobacco products, in any store or public place or at any event open to the public.

It is unlawful to sell cigarettes out of the manufacturer’s package with required health warnings. It is unlawful to sell cigarettes individually or in packages of fewer than twenty (20) cigarettes per package.

It shall be unlawful for any licensee, person, business, or tobacco retailer to sell, permit to be sold, or offer for sale any tobacco product by means of self-service displays or any other means other than vendor-assisted sales.

All tobacco products shall be kept in a locked case and will be opened for distribution purposes only by employees of the licensee.

Every act or omission of any nature constituting a violation of any provisions of this Chapter by any officer, director, manager or other agent or employee of any licensee shall be deemed and held to be the act of such licensee; and such licensee shall be punishable in the same manner as if such act or omission had been done or omitted by the licensee personally.

A. It shall be unlawful for any person under the age of eighteen (18) years to possess any tobacco products.

B. It shall not be a violation of this section for a minor to possess any tobacco product where:

1. Such use takes place under the direct supervision and approval of the parent, parents, or legal guardian of the minor; and

2. Such use takes place in the privacy of a home or established place of worship or tribal meeting place; provided, however, where such use takes place in an established place of worship or tribal meeting place, such use shall not be a violation only where use is in the performance of a religious service or tribal ceremony and the religious group or tribe is legally established and recognized by the State of Illinois.

A license shall be suspended or revoked for any violation of this chapter after notice and opportunity to be heard as follows:

A. In the case of a first violation, the licensee shall be fined two hundred dollars ($200) and shall be notified in writing of penalties levied for further violations.

B. In the case of a second violation, the licensee shall be fined five hundred dollars ($500) and the tobacco license shall be suspended for not less than thirty (30) consecutive business days nor more than three (3) months. Tobacco retailers must remove all tobacco merchandise from all areas accessible to the public while the license is suspended.

C. In the case of a third violation, the licensee shall be fined one thousand dollars ($1,000) and the tobacco license shall be suspended for not less than six (6) months nor more than eighteen (18) months from the date of suspension. Tobacco retailers must remove all tobacco merchandise from all areas accessible to the public while the license is suspended.

D. In the case of a fourth violation, the licensee shall be fined one thousand dollars ($1,000) and the license shall be revoked. All tobacco merchandise must be removed from all areas accessible to the public.

The City Manager [or City Attorney, or Mayor, or Health Department] shall initiate enforcement against license holders who violate any provision of this ordinance, and shall conduct hearings upon the license-holder’s request. The City Manager [or City Attorney, or Mayor, or Health Department] and the Police Department shall have the authority to enforce this ordinance.

Any vendor found to have violated any of the provisions of this Chapter shall pay to the village/city/county costs of the hearing on such violation. Costs may include, but not be limited to: court reporter’s fees, the cost of preparing and mailing notices and orders and all other miscellaneous expenses incurred by the village/city/county or such lesser sum as the City Manager [or City Attorney, or Mayor, or Health Department] may allow.

The vendor shall pay said costs to the village/city/county within thirty (30) days of notification of the costs. Failure to pay said costs within thirty (30) days of notification is a violation of this Chapter and may cause the levy of an additional fine.

Any person under the age of eighteen (18) years that violates the Purchasing
and Possession sections (Sec. _____ and Sec. _____, respectively) of this Chapter will be
subject to the following penalties:

A. For the first violation, a fine of twenty-five dollars ($25) or the completion of an approved smoking cessation program;

B. For the second violation, a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50) and not more than one-hundred dollars ($100) and the completion of an approved smoking cessation program

C. For the third and subsequent violations, a fine of not less than one-hundred dollars ($100) and not more than three-hundred dollars ($300), and the completion of an approved smoking cessation program, and not less than twenty (20) hours of community service

No person or employer shall discharge, refuse to hire, or in any manner retaliate against any employee, applicant for employment, or customer because such employee, applicant or customer reported violations of any provisions of this ordinance.

If any provision, clause, sentence, or paragraph of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstance shall be held to be invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the provisions of this article which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions are declared to be severable.

SECTION TWO: That the provisions of this Chapter shall be enforced by the City Attorney, [or City Manager, or Mayor, or Department of Health] and the Police Department [or Sheriff’s Department] after its passage and approval by law.

Enforcements in the form of compliance checks shall take place on at least three (3) occasions of each licensed year.

SECTION THREE: That all ordinance and resolutions, or parts thereof, in conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance are, to the extent of such conflict, expressly repealed.

SECTION FOUR: That this Ordinance shall be in full force and effect [number] days from and after its passage and approval as provided by law.

Instructions: Put a check mark (next to “yes” or “no”) in the space that best describes the law.

3) Provide for the suspension or revocation of the license for violations of the
tobacco law/ordinance YES___ NO___

4) Prohibit the sale of tobacco products to persons under the age of eighteen YES___ NO___

5) Set the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco at 18 years or older YES___ NO___

6) Require merchants to request photographic identification for customers who
appear younger than the age of 21 YES___ NO___

7) Prohibit persons under the age of eighteen from misrepresenting their age or using any
false or altered identification for the purpose of purchasing tobacco products YES___ NO___

8) Require the posting of warning signs regarding sales to minors at the point of sale
of tobacco products YES___ NO___

9) Include the publication of the names of outlets that make illegal sales to minors YES___ NO___

10) Designate a local agency that will be primarily responsible for enforcement of
the law banning sales to minors YES___ NO___

11) Include annual, random, unannounced inspections of over-the-counter
tobacco sales YES___ NO___

12) Include annual, random, unannounced inspections of vending machine
tobacco sales YES___ NO___

13) Allow for the owner or licensee to be held accountable for the actions of his
employees YES___ NO___

14) Establish penalties applicable to persons who sell tobacco products to minors YES___ NO___

15) Rely on civil (e.g., fines, injunctions, infractions, violations of Health and Safety codes)
rather than criminal penalties for those who violate the law banning sales to children YES___ NO___

16) Include a graduated system of fines, penalties, and suspensions for merchants
      that sell tobacco products to minors
      (e.g., 1st offense: fined $200 and notification of future fines
      2nd: fined $500 and suspension of license between 90 business days and 6 mos.;
      3rd: fined $1000 and revocation of license between 9 mos. and 19 mos.) YES___ NO___

17) Prohibit persons under the age of 18 from selling tobacco products YES___ NO___

18) Ban the sale of tobacco products within a specified distance from schools,
child care facilities or other educational/recreational facilities used by minors YES___ NO___

19) Ban tobacco/cigarette vending machines except in "adult only" locations
(e.g., bars) or require that vending machines be fitted with a locking device YES___ NO___

20) Ban all tobacco/cigarette vending machines (regardless of location) YES___ NO___

23) Prohibit the sale of cigarettes individually or in packages of less than 20 cigarettes YES___ NO___

24) Ban the distribution of free tobacco samples or coupons for free tobacco
samples or rebates YES___ NO___

26) Prohibit persons under the age of 18 from possessing tobacco products YES___ NO___

27) Establish fines applicable to persons under the age of 18 for the possession
of tobacco products YES___ NO___

28) Include a graduated system of fines and penalties for persons under the age of 18
      for possession of tobacco products
      (e.g.,1st offense: fine $50 or smoking cessation program;
      2nd: fine $50-$100 and smoking cessation program;
      3rd: fine $75-$300 and smoking cessation program and community service) YES___ NO___

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

This form will be used to assign you an ID number. This is the only time that your name and ID number will be seen together. This sheet will be removed from your survey and placed into a sealed envelope before you answer any questions.

We need your name so that we can match your answers across the four years of this study. Your answers on the survey will be kept completely confidential. We will NOT share your name or how you answered any of the questions with anyone.

Last Name __________________________________ First Name ____________________________ Middle Initial ________

Remember this is a confidential survey. This means that we will not tell anyone how you answered the questions on this survey. Answer the questions below truthfully. Always mark only one answer unless the question asks you to mark all that apply.

Student Information
In what grade are you?
___ 7th grade
___ 8th grade
___ 9th grade (Freshmen)
___ 10th grade (Sophomore)
___ 11th grade (Junior)
___ 12th grade (Senior)

How long have you lived in your town?
___ Less than 1 year ___ 1 to 2 years ___ 3 to 4 years ___ 5 or more years

How do you describe yourself? (Mark all that apply)
___White/European American
___Black/African American
___Asian
___Middle Eastern
___Native American/Alaskan Native
___Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
___Other

How far did your mother go in school?
___ Less than high school
___ High school graduate or GED
___ Some college
___ College graduate
___ I Don’t know

How far did your father go in school?
___ Less than high school
___ High school graduate or GED
___ Some college
___ College graduate
___ I Don’t know

Questions about Cigarettes
About how many cigarettes have you smoked in your entire life?
___ A few puffs, but never a whole cigarette
___ 1 cigarette
___ 2 to 5 cigarettes
___ 6 to 15 cigarettes
___ 16 to 25 cigarettes
___ 26 to 99 cigarettes
___ 100 or more cigarettes
___ None

Are you currently a cigarette smoker?
___ Yes, I currently smoke cigarettes
___ No, I quit within the last 6 months (quit means not smoking at all any more)
___ No, I quit more than 6 months ago (quit means not smoking at all any more)
___ No, I tried cigarettes once or twice but stopped
___ No, I have never smoked cigarettes

In the past year, how many times have you quit smoking for at least 24 hours?
___ I did not smoke cigarettes in the past year
___ 0 times
___ 1 time
___ 2 times
___ 3 or more times

Are you thinking of quitting smoking?
___ Yes, within the next 30 days
___ Yes, within the next 6 months
___ Yes, but not within the next 6 months
___ No, I am not thinking of quitting
___ I do not smoke cigarettes

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?
___ 1 or 2 days
___ 3 to 5 days
___ 6 to 9 days
___ 10 to 19 days
___ 20 to 29 days
___ All 30 days
___ None

On the days that you smoke cigarettes, how many cigarettes do you usually smoke?
___ Less than 1 per day
___ 1 cigarette per day
___ 2 to 5 cigarettes per day
___ 6 to 10 cigarettes per day
___ 11 to 20 cigarettes per day
___ More than 20 cigarettes per day
___ I do not smoke cigarettes

Have either of your parents (or guardians) ever told you not to smoke cigarettes?
___ Yes
___ No

Which statement best describes you?
___ I smoke cigarettes and my parents (or guardians) don’t know about it
___ I smoke cigarettes and my parents (or guardians) don’t like it
___ I smoke cigarettes and my parents (or guardians) don’t mind
___ I do not smoke cigarettes

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip?
___ 1 or 2 days     ___ 20 to 29 days
___ 3 to 5 days     ___ All 30 days
___ 6 to 9 days     ___ None
___ 10 to 19 days

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars?
___ 1 or 2 days     ___ 20 to 29 days
___ 3 to 5 days     ___ All 30 days
___ 6 to 9 days     ___ None
___ 10 to 19 days

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke pipe tobacco?
___ 1 or 2 days     ___ 20 to 29 days
___ 3 to 5 days     ___ All 30 days
___ 6 to 9 days     ___ None
___ 10 to 19 days

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke bidis (or beedies)?
___ 1 or 2 days     ___ 20 to 29 days
___ 3 to 5 days     ___ All 30 days
___ 6 to 9 days     ___ None
___ 10 to 19 days

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke clove cigarettes (or kreteks)?
___ 1 or 2 days     ___ 20 to 29 days
___ 3 to 5 days     ___ All 30 days
___ 6 to 9 days     ___ None
___ 10 to 19 days

For the rest of the survey, TOBACCO means cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, beedis, or kreteks.

How old were you when you first used tobacco?
___ 7 years old or younger ___ 14 or 15 years old
___ 8 or 9 years old ___ 16 or 17 years old
___ 10 or 11 years old ___ 18 years old or older
___ 12 or 13 years old ___ I have never used tobacco

Is there an adult (someone over 18 years old) who uses tobacco living in your home?
___Yes ___No

How many of the students at your school use tobacco?
___None of them ___A Few of them ___Some of them ___Most of them ___All of them

How many of your friends (the people you hang out with) use tobacco?
___None of them ___A Few of them ___Some of them ___Most of them ___All of them

How many of your four closest friends use tobacco?
___None ___One ___Two ___Three ___Four

In the past year, has a friend or peer told you about the dangers of smoking?
___ Yes
___ No

In the past year, has a friend or peer tried to get you to quit smoking?
___ Yes
___ No

Are you currently a member of a prevention organization (like Snowball/Snowflake, SADD, TATU, etc.) that tries to stop kids from using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs?
___ Yes
___ No

How often do you participate in the prevention organization’s activities?
___ Weekly
___ Two times a month
___ Once a month
___ Once or two times a year
___ More than two times a year
___ I am not a member of a prevention organization

In the past year, have you told a friend or peer about the dangers of smoking?
___ Yes
___ No

In the past year, have you tried to get a friend or peer to quit smoking?
___ Yes
___ No

During the past 7 days, on how many days did you see minors using tobacco on your school’s grounds?
___ 0 days     ___ 4 days
___ 1 day     ___ 5 days
___ 2 days     ___ 6 days
___ 3 days     ___ 7 days

During the past 7 days, on how many days did you see minors using tobacco in your town?
___ 0 days     ___ 4 days
___ 1 day     ___ 5 days
___ 2 days     ___ 6 days
___ 3 days     ___ 7 days

In your town, is it against the law to sell tobacco to minors?
___ Yes ___ No ___ I don't know

In your town, is it against the law for minors to use, carry, or hold tobacco?
___ Yes ___ No ___ I don't know

Do you think that the police in your town would give you a ticket if they saw you possessing tobacco?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

Do you think that police should give a ticket to minors for possessing tobacco?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

Will minors use less tobacco if police give them a ticket for possessing tobacco?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

Do you think that the police in your town would give a ticket to store owners who sell tobacco to minors?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

Do you think that police should give a ticket to store owners who sell tobacco to minors?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

Will minors use less tobacco if it is hard to buy because police ticket store owners who sell it to minors?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

Will minors use less tobacco because of what is taught about tobacco in school prevention programs?
___Definitely Not ___Probably Not ___Not Sure ___Probably Yes ___Definitely Yes

In the past year, did you receive a ticket from a police officer for possessing tobacco?
___ Yes ____ No

In the past year, did anyone else that you know receive a ticket from a police officer for possessing tobacco?
___ Yes, one person
___ Yes, two people
___ Yes, three people
___ Yes, four or more people
___ No

What were the reactions of people who you know that received a ticket for possessing tobacco? (Mark all that apply)
___ They were embarrassed
___ They were afraid to go to court
___ They were afraid of getting into trouble with others such as a parent
___ They did not seem to care
___ They seemed like they were proud of it
___ They bragged about it
___ I do not know anyone who received a ticket
Questions about Access to and Sources of Tobacco

If you wanted to, how easy would it be for you to get tobacco?
___ Very Difficult ___ Difficult ___ Not Easy/Not Difficult ___ Easy ___ Very Easy

In the past 30 days, what are all the different ways that you got tobacco from another person? (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)
___ My mother or father gave it to me or got it for me.
___ Another family member who is 18 years or older gave it to me or got it for me.
___ Another family member who is under the age of 18 gave it to me or got it for me.
___ Someone else who is 18 years or older gave it to me or got it for me
___ Someone else who is who is under the age of 18 gave it to me or got it for me
___ I stole it from someone (a person)
___ I got it from someone in another way How did you get it? _________________________________
___ I did not get tobacco from anyone in the past 30 days

In the past 30 days, what are all the different ways that you got tobacco on your own? (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)
___ I bought it from a store or gas station
___ I bought it from a vending machine
___ I stole it from a store or gas station
___ I got it on my own in some other way How did you get it? _________________________________
___ I did not get tobacco in the past 30 days

In the past 30 days, where did you buy your tobacco?
___ Only in my town
___ Only in a different town
___ In both my town and a different town
___ I did not buy tobacco in the past 30 days

In the past 30 days, how often were you able to buy tobacco in your town?
___ Never able to buy it
___ Rarely able to buy it
___ Sometimes able to buy it
___ Most of the time able to buy it
___ Always able to buy it
___ I did not try to buy tobacco in my town

The last time that you tried to buy tobacco in a store or gas station in your town, were you asked for proof of age (something with your birthdate on it)? ___ Yes ___ No ___ I have never tried to buy tobacco

What happened the last time that you tried to buy tobacco in a store or gas station in your town?
___ The clerk DID NOT SELL me tobacco
___ The clerk SOLD me tobacco
___ I have never tried to buy tobacco

In the past 7 days, how many times have you supplied (given, sold, or loaned) tobacco to minors?
___ 1 time
___ 2 or 3 times
___ 4 or 5 times
___ 6 to 10 times
___ 11 to 20 times
___ 21 or more times
___ None
Questions about Alcohol and Other Drugs
Have you ever had a drink of alcohol (more than a few sips of beer, wine, or liquor and not for religious reasons)?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever used marijuana (also called grass or pot)?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever used Crack, Freebase, or Powder Cocaine?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever used LSD (also called acid)?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever sniffed glue or other substances to get high
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever taken prescription drugs, without a doctor’s order, to get high?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever used Ecstasy?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever used methamphetamine (also called speed)?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Have you ever used other illegal drugs?
__Yes, in the past 30 days
__Yes, but not in the past 30 days
__No

Over the past year, how many times has someone tried to give or sell you illegal drugs?
___ 1 time
___ 2-5 times
___ 6 to 10 times
___ 11 to 25 times
___ 26 to 50 times
___ 51 or more times
___ None

How many of your four closest friends use alcohol or other drugs?
___ None
___ One
___ Two
___ Three
___ Four

DEPAUL UNIVERSITY
YOUTH TOBACCO ACCESS PROJECT

Assessment of School Prevention Education Programming

You received this questionnaire because you were identified as being the person primarily responsible for the implementation of substance abuse prevention programming at your school. If you do not believe that you are the appropriate person to complete this questionnaire or you have any questions as you complete it, please contact Kathy Mikulski at (773) 325-4926 or kmikulsk@depaul.edu.

Date (MM/DD/YYYY) ________/________/______________

Are you the person primarily responsible for coordinating (i.e., developing/implementing/ facilitating) your school’s prevention programming

O Yes O No

If not, who is? __________________________________

Name of Person Completing Assessment: _________________________________________

Title of Person Completing Assessment: __________________________________________

Telephone: _____________________     Email: ____________________________________

Address: ____________________________________________________________________

Who funds your position?       O School      O District         O Community Agency

Is your position full-time or part-time?         O Full-time      O Part-time

On average, how many hours per week do you spend specifically coordinating prevention programming?
______ hours

Is there anyone else who is responsible for coordinating prevention programs for your school?
O Yes             O No

If YES, how many other people coordinate prevention programs for your school?   _____ people

If YES, how many hours per week on average do other people spend coordinating the prevention programming?
                                ______ hours/week
BASIC PROGRAM INFORMATION

Does your school provide students with substance abuse prevention programs?
O Yes   O No

If NO, please skip to “Additional Prevention Efforts”

Please indicate the names of ALL substance use prevention programs that are currently in use at your school and in which grade(s) the program is used:

Name of Program Grade(s) Targeted

______________________________O 9th Grade O10th Grade O 11th Grade O 12th Grade

______________________________O 9th Grade O10th Grade O 11th Grade O 12th Grade

_____________________________ O 9th Grade O10th Grade O 11th Grade O 12th Grade

______________________________O 9th Grade O10th Grade O 11th Grade O 12th Grade

_____________________________ O 9th Grade O10th Grade O 11th Grade O 12th Grade

Please answer the remaining questions based on ALL of the substance use prevention programs you listed above. If you are unable to respond to a given question based on ALL of the programs listed, please choose one program, answer the question based on that program, and write the name of the program next to the question.

For each grade in your school, please indicate approximately what percent of prevention programming is focused on the following topics. Please be sure that the percentage for the “Tobacco” category and the percentage for the “Alcohol and Other Drug” category add to 100%.

9th grade:                                 11th grade:

TOBACCO             ________ %            TOBACCO          ________ %

ALCOHOL &                    ALCOHOL &
OTHER DRUGS     ________ %            OTHER DRUGS     ________ %


       10th grade:                    12th grade:

TOBACCO             ________ %            TOBACCO          ________ %

ALCOHOL &                    ALCOHOL &
OTHER DRUGS     ________ %            OTHER DRUGS     ________ %

Is the prevention instruction in your school provided to all enrolled students or targeted to specific youth?
                O All enrolled students
                O Targeted, specify:      ____________________________________________

For each grade in your school, please indicate how much instructional time is spent ANNUALLY on substance use prevention instruction:

9th Grade   ________ hours             11th Grade _______ hours

10th Grade   ________ hours               12th Grade ________ hours

What does your school’s prevention instruction cover (mark ALL that apply)?
O Short-term physical and social consequences of tobacco use
O Long-term physical and social consequences of tobacco use
O Social influences on youth tobacco use (e.g., median and peer influences, etc.)
O Peer norms regarding tobacco use (e.g., statistics about prevalence of use, etc.)
O Skills for refusing tobacco
O None of the above
O Other, specify     _______________________________________________________

FACILITATOR INFORMATION

Please indicate the type of people who deliver/present the prevention program(s) to the students at your school (mark ALL that apply):
O Teachers
O Students
O School Staff Members
O Trained Prevention Specialist from the Community
O Other     _______________________________________________________________

Please specify the title(s) of these individuals (e.g., health teacher, peer leader, guidance counselor, school social worker, DARE officer, etc.)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What type of training did these individuals receive to guide their program delivery (mark ALL that apply):
O No Training
O A written or verbal overview of the program and/or its content
O A demonstration of someone delivering the program
O An opportunity to practice delivering the program
O Other ___________________________________________________________________
ADDITIONAL PREVENTION EFFORTS
Please indicate the ways in which your school involves parents/guardians in efforts to prevent youth tobacco use (mark ALL that apply):
O Parent/guardians are not involved in tobacco prevention efforts
O Parent/guardians are provided anti-tobacco information
O School holds anti-tobacco educational events for parents/guardians
O Parent/guardians are involved in tobacco prevention activities at school
O Parent/guardians are involved in tobacco prevention homework assignments
O Other ____________________________________________________________

Please indicate the ways in which the school supports tobacco cessation efforts by students, teachers, and staff (mark ALL that apply):
O The school does not provide tobacco cessation support
O Individual counseling is available from school staff (e.g., nurse)
O School provides referrals to an off-campus tobacco cessation program
O School hosts an on-campus tobacco cessation program
O Other ______________________________________________________________

Please indicate what is done to evaluate the tobacco prevention program(s) at your school (mark ALL that apply):
O The tobacco prevention programming is not evaluated
O Educational evaluation tools (e.g., homework, quizzes, tests, etc.)
O Consumer satisfaction surveys (e.g., surveys about how students liked the program, etc.)
O Outcome-based evaluation (e.g., surveys that assess pre- and post-program tobacco use, etc.)
O Other ______________________________________________________________

Please indicate other extra-curricular prevention/awareness activities at your school (mark ALL that apply):
O The school does not have extra-curricular prevention activities
O Red Ribbon Campaign
O Teen Against Tobacco Use (T.A.T.U.)
O Snowball/Snowflake
O Students Against Destructive Decisions (S.A.D.D.)
O Assemblies/Guest Speakers on substance abuse topics
O Other ________________________________________________________________

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND ASSISTANCE!

Consent Form

This is a generic version of the consent form that you originally received. The actual version contains personal information as it pertains to each individual school. For a copy of your schools consent form, please stop by the main office.

DePaul University
Parent Consent Form

DATE

Dear Parent or Guardian:
We need your permission for your child to participate in a very important study being conducted at [School Name] from July 2001 to July 2005. We will be assessing children’s attitudes toward and use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. This study is supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute awarded to Dr. Leonard Jason at DePaul University. A detailed description of the project is provided for you on the back of this form.
We will be asking students to complete a survey each year they are enrolled at [School Name]. The survey will take 20 to 25 minutes to complete. Your child’s survey will be assigned a number that will allow research staff to match information across years. Your child’s name will not be attached to the survey and his/her answers will remain completely confidential. Only the DePaul research team will have access to information that will permit matching student’s answers across years. Your child’s name will not be made public in any way as a result of this research.
Your child’s participation in this research project is voluntary and you may request that your child not participate in this study. There are no consequences to your child if you or your child chooses to withdraw from this project. There are no known risks associated with participating in this project. Students are instructed to skip questions that they do not feel comfortable answering.
Your child’s participation in this research project will help us to discover what methods are effective in reducing levels of tobacco use among youth. While there is no direct benefit to you or your child, the information obtained is valuable and will help establish the extent of tobacco and other drug use among youth in your community. The long-term goal of this project is to reduce rates of teenage smoking, and the shorter-term goal is to make it more difficult for minors to purchase tobacco products. You will be informed of any changes in procedures or risks and benefits if they should occur during or after the course of this study. A copy of this survey has been made available at your child’s school for you to read at any time.
You can give consent below for your child to participate in the survey. This consent form applies to all years your child is enrolled at [School Name]. However, you can withdraw permission for your child to participate at any time by contacting the school. Even if you give permission for your child to be in the study, your child can still choose not to participate.
DePaul University will be conducting an annual survey from July 2001 to July 2005 about students' attitudes and behavior regarding tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use.

Child's Name: (Print) _________________________________________________________________________________

I have read and understand the information in this Parent Consent Form, and:
… I GIVE PERMISSION for my child to participate in DePaul University's annual student survey while enrolled at this school between July 2001 and July 2005.

… I DO NOT GIVE PERMISSION for my child to participate in DePaul University's annual student survey while enrolled at this school between July 2001 and July 2005.

Parent's Signature:_________________________________________________________________ Date:___________

Please complete this form and return the entire form to the school.
If you would like a copy of this form, copies are available on our website (http://condor.depaul.edu/~ljason/smoking) or through the main office of your child’s school. If you have any question about this project, please contact the Project Director, Dr. Steven B. Pokorny, at (773) 325-1892. If you have any questions regarding your child's rights as a participant in this research study, you may speak to Sara Gulbrandsen, Coordinator of the DePaul University Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Research Subjects by calling (773) 325-2593.
Sincerely,

Steven B. Pokorny, Ph.D.
Project Director

Attention Parents/Guardians:
It is important that you read and complete the form on the other side of this page.
THIS FORM MUST BE RETURNED TO THE SCHOOL.

DePaul University – National Cancer Institute Grant
Tobacco Prevention Project Summary

Researchers have long grappled with the problem of reducing tobacco use as a way of optimizing the health and well being of communities. Every day, 3,000 American adolescents begin smoking, and it is estimated that 1,000 of these children will eventually die of tobacco related illnesses. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, killing over 400,000 people each year. The direct medical costs of treating tobacco related diseases in the United States are estimated at $50,000,000,000 per year. Despite these facts, 22.9% of adult Americans and 13.8% of Americans under the age of 18 smoke cigarettes.
A variety of interventions have been developed with the intent of reducing the prevalence of youth tobacco use. Restricting youth access to tobacco products by enforcing laws that prohibit the sale of tobacco products to minors might be an effective strategy in reducing the rate of teenage smoking and other tobacco use. It is also possible that fining minors for possession of tobacco products might be an effective strategy in reducing the rate of teenage smoking and other tobacco use. It is unclear whether these types of interventions alone or in combination might be the most effective in altering youth tobacco use. In light of the recent settlement by tobacco corporations with various states, public health officials are very interested in understanding more about the effectiveness of these strategies.
Dr. Leonard Jason of DePaul University was awarded a grant from the National Cancer Institute to systematically examine the impact of these strategies on the prevalence of smoking and other tobacco use among 7th through 12th grade students in 24 communities over a four-year period. Participating communities will be randomly assigned to two groups. The first group will enforce laws pertaining to the sale of tobacco to minors through conducting a minimum of 3 compliance checks with every tobacco retailer each year. Retailers who are in violation will be prosecuted according to either local or state law. In addition to enforcement of laws pertaining to the sale of tobacco to minors, the second group will initiate or increase the frequency that they fine minors found in possession of tobacco. While certain areas of the community may be specifically targeted (e.g., school campuses), possession enforcement for this second group will be implemented throughout the community.
The project consists of two major phases of data collection. One phase consists of conducting an independent assessment of the rate of tobacco sales to minors in each town. This is done through a Tobacco Purchase Attempt procedure in which an underage youth is trained to attempt to purchase cigarettes, following strict guidelines. Every tobacco retailer in the town is assessed in this manner. Data collected includes the outcome of the attempt, clerk behavior, type of sales access, amount and type of tobacco advertising, and visibility of minimum age of sale warning signs.
The second phase of data collection consists of annual student surveys conducted with a sample of 7th through 12th grade students who live in the participating town. The survey assesses demographic information, past and current use of tobacco products, behaviors related to obtaining tobacco products, knowledge of and attitudes about tobacco control policies, and past and current use of alcohol and other drugs.
It is our hope that the information gained from this study will help other researchers and public health officials across the nation to develop more refined interventions that will ultimately prevent or reduce the prevalence of smoking and other tobacco use among our youth.

Assessment of the Comprehensiveness of Schools’ Tobacco Control Policies

EVALUATION DATE:____/____/_______                 EVALUATOR CODE:________

SCHOOL/DISTRICT: _____________________             TOWN:_________________________

DATE OF POLICY:______ - _______

Instructions: Check the appropriate “YES” or “NO” response to each of the following questions. For each item in the assessment, “YES” should only be checked if the school policies clearly include the component asked about in the item. If an umbrella statement is made in the policy that clearly encompasses the criterion for a certain item of the assessment, then “YES” should be checked for that item. If it is unclear whether the policy reaches the criterion for “YES” status, then it should be rated as a “No” for the item in question. Please write a detailed explanation of any uncertainties in the blank spaces provided at the end of each subscale.

STUDENTS

Applicability
1)    Does the policy apply to students inside the school?                        YES ___   NO ___
2)    Does the policy apply to students on all school property?              YES ___   NO ___
3)    Does the policy apply to students at all school-sponsored events (e.g.
      athletic events, school dances, field trips, and school club meetings
      held off school grounds)?                                                                      YES ___   NO ___
4)    Does the policy apply to students in all school vehicles?                 YES ___   NO ___

Restrictions
5)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smoking tobacco
      (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, pipes) by students?                                             YES ___   NO ___
6)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smokeless tobacco (e.g., dip, chew)
by students?                                                                                     YES ___   NO ___
7)    Does the policy prohibit the possession of smoking tobacco by students?   YES ___   NO ___
8)    Does the policy prohibit the possession of smokeless tobacco by
      students?                                                                                                        YES ___   NO ___
9)    Does the policy restrict students from leaving the school property
      during school hours?                                                                                     YES ___   NO ___
10)    Does the policy prohibit students from wearing clothing with tobacco
company logos or slogans at school?                                                            YES ___   NO ___
11)    Does the policy prohibit the possession or use of tobacco by students
      in school vehicles?                                                                                        YES ___   NO ___

Repercussions
12)    Does the policy clearly outline penalties for students who
      violate the restrictions?                                 YES ___   NO ___
13)    Does the policy include a graduated system of penalties for students?
   (e.g., 1st offense: 1-day in-school suspension;
            2nd offense: 5-day suspension;
                  3rd offense: recommendation for expulsion)                 YES ___   NO ___

14)    Does the policy restrict access to privileges and participation in all
      extra-curricular activities for students who violate the policy?                     YES ___   NO ___
15)    Does the policy outline a procedure for contacting local law enforcement
      when a tobacco-related law is violated by students?                  YES ___ NO ___
16)    Does the policy provide an alternative tobacco education program option
      for students who violate the policy?                          YES ___ NO ___

Programs
17)    Does the policy provide students access and/or referral to cessation
programs?                                                                                                YES ___ NO ___
18)    Does the policy require tobacco prevention education within the
curriculum?                                                                                                    YES ___ NO ___

Total score for student subsection: ___ out of 18 possible.

Indicate any questions or problems you had scoring this subscale of the assessment tool.

FACULTY/STAFF

Applicability
19)    Does the policy apply to faculty and staff inside the school building?    YES ___ NO ___
20)    Does the policy apply to faculty and staff on all school property?    YES ___ NO ___
21)    Does the policy apply to faculty and staff at all school-sponsored events
      (e.g. athletic events, school dances, field trips, and school club meetings
      held off school grounds)?    YES ___ NO ___
22)    Does the policy apply to faculty and staff in all school vehicles?                 YES ___ NO ___
23)    Does the policy indicate that a group of school personnel (e.g. teachers
or school security officers) are authorized to identify violators and enforce
the policy?    YES ___ NO ___

Restrictions
24)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smoking tobacco
      (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, pipes) by faculty and staff?    YES ___ NO ___
25)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smokeless tobacco
      (e.g., dip, chew) by faculty and staff?    YES ___ NO ___
26)    Does the policy prohibit the use of tobacco in school vehicles by staff ?      YES ___ NO ___
27)    Does the policy prohibit faculty and staff from wearing clothing with
      tobacco company logos or slogans at school?                                               YES ___   NO ___

Repercussions
28)    Does the policy clearly outline specific penalties for faculty and staff
who violate the restrictions?    YES ___ NO ___
29)    Are the penalties for school faculty and staff arranged according to a
graduated system?    YES ___ NO ___
          (e.g., 1st offense: verbal reprimand;
                   2nd offense: written reprimand;
                   3rd offense: job suspension without pay).
30)    Does the policy outline a procedure for contacting local law enforcement
      when a tobacco-related law is violated by staff?                   YES ___ NO ___

Programs
31)    Does the policy provide faculty and staff access and/or referral to
      cessation programs?    YES ___ NO ___
32)    Does the policy require faculty and staff to attend a mandatory training
      on school policy, documentation of violations, and standardized means of
      enforcement?    YES ___ NO ___
33)    Does the policy require the faculty and staff who are responsible for
      teaching tobacco prevention education to have training and
      participate in on-going professional development?    YES ___ NO ___

Total score for faculty/staff subsection: ___ out of 15 possible.

Indicate any questions or problems you had scoring this subscale of the assessment tool.

VISITORS

Applicability
34)    Does the policy apply to visitors inside the school?    YES ___ NO ___
35)    Does the policy apply to visitors on all school property?    YES ___ NO ___
36)    Does the policy apply to visitors at all school-sponsored events?
      (e.g. athletic events, school dances, field trips, and school club meetings
      held off school grounds)?                                        YES ___ NO ___
37)    Does the policy apply to visitors in all school vehicles?                                YES ___ NO ___

Restrictions
38)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smoking tobacco
      (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, pipes) by visitors?    YES ___ NO ___
39)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smokeless tobacco (e.g., dip, chew)
      by visitors?    YES ___ NO ___
40)    Does the policy prohibit the use of tobacco by visitors in school vehicles? YES ___ NO ___
41)    Does the policy prohibit the use of smoking and
      smokeless tobacco by all minors on school grounds, at all
      school-sponsored events, and in all school vehicles?                                    YES ___   NO ___

42)    Does the policy prohibit the possession of smoking and
      smokeless tobacco by all minors on school grounds, at all
      school-sponsored events, and in all school vehicles?                                    YES ___   NO ___

Repercussions
43)    Does the policy clearly outline specific penalties for visitors who
      violate the restrictions?
     (e.g., civil penalty up to $1000 under Federal Law)    YES ___ NO ___

44)    Does the policy outline a procedure for contacting local law enforcement
      when a tobacco-related law is violated by a visitor?                             YES ___ NO ___

Total score for visitors subsection: ___ out of 11 possible.

Indicate any questions or problems you had scoring this subscale of the assessment tool.

NOTIFICATION

45)    Does the school or district tobacco policy appear in the student/parent
handbook?                                      YES ___   NO ___
Total score for notification subsection: ___ out of 1 possible.

EVALUATION

46)    Does the policy have provisions for the policy to be periodically
      reviewed by school principals, administrators, or the school board?            YES ___   NO ___

Total score for evaluation subsection: ___ out of 1 possible.

Indicate any questions or problems you had scoring the last two subscales of the assessment tool.

Total score for entire assessment: ___ out of 46 possible.

______________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Instructions for Comprehensiveness of Schools’ Tobacco Control Policies Questions:

Each item should be marked YES if the tobacco policy being reviewed contains the component being described.

If the component is not included in the policy, or if the evaluator is not certain whether or not the component is included, then NO should be indicated. If the evaluator is uncertain whether or not the policy meets criteria for an item of the scale, he/she should write a description of the problem in the blanks provided at the end of every subscale.

Subscales: Students, Faculty/Staff, Visitors, Notification, and Evaluation

These subscales were designed to quantify each focal point of an effective school tobacco policy. The subscales are not balanced features; they simply represent the main points of tobacco control that can be addressed within a school policy.

The separation between the Students, Faculty/Staff, and Visitors subscales is intended to draw a clear distinction between the target of each item. School or district-level policy components may be imprecise about their intended application to faculty or visitors. These will be assessed in the following way:

If a policy component mentions any of the three categories (students, faculty/staff, parents/visitors) then it shall be understood as applying only to those categories that are specified within that policy component. If the policy component does not mention any of the three aforementioned categories, then the placement and context of that policy component must be considered in order to determine whether it should be given credit on an item within a particular subscale of the assessment tool. For example, some schools have written tobacco policies in the parent/student handbooks (e.g., a complete ban on all tobacco use) that are part of a “Student Conduct” section and, consequently, apply to students, but do not apply to school employees or visitors at the school.

Students

Items that apply to “students” apply to ALL students. A tobacco prohibition for student athletes, for instance, does not apply to all of the students; this type of policy would only justify credit for #14.

Items #4 and #11 refer to tobacco policies for students in school vehicles. If a publication, such as a parent/student handbook, refers to a tobacco prohibition on all school buses or on all district property, then it qualifies to get a point for these items. If the policy merely mentions a tobacco prohibition on school property, then the policy is not comprehensive enough to qualify for a point on these items.

Item #9 deals with a school’s closed-campus policy for students. If there are any restrictions from leaving the school property during the school day, then the policy should get credit on this item. For example, some schools have a closed-campus with the exception of students who have express written permission from their parents to eat lunch somewhere off school grounds. Also, some schools will allow seniors or students who are over the age of 18 to leave school grounds during lunchtime. In both of these cases, the policy is still comprehensive enough to justify credit on this item.

Item # 10 is the “dress code” item. A dress code must explicitly prohibit students from wearing clothing with tobacco-promoting symbols, logos, or slogans in order to justify credit for this item. In other words, the word “tobacco” must be mentioned. Vague dress codes, such as a prohibition against clothing which is unsafe, unclean, or distasteful is not comprehensive enough to qualify for credit on this item.

Item #12 asks if the policy “clearly outlines specific penalties for students who violate the restrictions.” Some policy materials will list penalties to be applied specifically to student violations of tobacco restrictions, but other policy materials will only provide a general list of penalties that can be applied to a violation of any student rule. In either case, the policy can still qualify for a point on this item.

Item #14 refers to restricted access to extracurricular activities for students who violate the tobacco policy. This applies to school athletes as well as other school clubs and organizations. A school policy should still be given a point for this item even if access to extracurricular activities is restricted after repeated violations, as opposed to total restriction after the first violation of tobacco policy. If repeated violations of tobacco policy can lead to suspension, which will consequently lead to restricted access to all extracurricular activities, then the policy should be given credit for this item.

Item # 15 asks if the policy describes a procedure for contacting local law enforcement for student violations of tobacco laws. If policy materials make any reference to youth tobacco laws and legal consequences of violations, then the policy should get credit for this item. If the policy makes any kind of general statement about school personnel contacting law enforcement for student violation of the law, then it should be given credit for this item.

Faculty/Staff

As stated above, information about policies that apply to faculty and staff will probably be found in district-level publications.

It is acceptable for the policy to use only the word “employee,” “faculty,” or “staff” in lieu of the phrase “faculty and staff”; the policy can still qualify for credit on any item in this subsection if the policy meets the other requirements of that item.

Items #22 and #27 refer to tobacco rules for district/school faculty and staff in school vehicles. If a publication refers to a tobacco prohibition on all school vehicles or all district property, then it qualifies to get a point for these items. If the policy mentions a tobacco prohibition for faculty and staff only on school buses or only on school grounds, then the policy is not comprehensive enough to qualify for a point on these items.

Item #23 deals with enforcement of school rules for students. If an umbrella statement is made that any particular group (meaning more than just one or two people) of school or district employees is authorized or required to enforce the school rules, then that is enough to justify credit for this item.

Item #28 asks if the policy “clearly outlines specific penalties for faculty and staff who violate the restrictions.” Some policy materials will list penalties to be applied specifically to faculty and staff violations of tobacco restrictions, but other policy materials will only provide a general list of penalties that can be applied to any infraction of the faculty/staff rules. In either case, the policy can still qualify for a point on this item.

Item # 30 asks if the policy describes a procedure for contacting local law enforcement for violations of tobacco laws. If policy materials make any reference to tobacco laws (other than those applying only to minors) and state the legal consequences of violations, then the policy can get credit for this item.

Visitors

Items #37, #40, #41, and #42 refer to tobacco policy applications in regards to visitors in school vehicles. If a publication, such as a parent/student handbook, refers to a tobacco prohibition on all vehicles or all district property, then it qualifies to get a point for these items. If the policy mentions that tobacco use is prohibited only on school buses or only on school grounds, then the policy is not comprehensive enough to qualify for a point on these items.

Item #44 asks if the policy describes a procedure for contacting local law enforcement for violations of tobacco laws. If policy materials make any reference to tobacco laws (other than those applying only to minors), then the policy can get credit for this item. The materials do not have to list consequences of violations in order to qualify for credit on this item because this information is captured in the previous item. Items #43 and #44 are being kept separate because of the importance of making it clear that visitor restrictions on tobacco use are enforceable by the school administration.

Notification

This item was designed to assess whether or not tobacco policies are being communicated to students and their guardians via a parent/student handbook.

Evaluation

This item is intended to assess whether or not there is a provision which calls for a periodic evaluation of the school’s tobacco policy. For credit on this item, this policy provision may be found in any one several materials (can be school or district-level policy materials).

Total Score: Sum of all YES responses for each subscale. Then sum the scores for all of the five subscales. This is used as a total raw score; the larger the score, the more inclusive is the school’s tobacco policy.

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Interview Guide for School Tobacco Policy Enforcement

We are trying to understand how school tobacco policies are conceptualized, implemented and enforced in schools. When I refer to school tobacco policies, I am mainly discussing the student policies, but do not hesitate to discuss the staff and visitor policies when relevant. Please keep in mind that when I talk about tobacco, I mean cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, little cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, bidis and kreteks. Most of my questions are close-ended, but please feel free to expand upon any of your answers.

Problem Definition

On a scale from one to seven, with one representing not a problem at all, and 7 representing a very large problem, how much of a problem do you think that tobacco use is among your students?

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Not a Problem at all						A Very Large Problem

How much of a problem do you think tobacco use is at school?

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Not a Problem at all						A Very Large Problem

With all of the issues that schools face, on a scale from one to seven, with one representing a very low priority and seven representing a very high priority, what priority do you think preventing tobacco use among students is?

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Very Low Priority						Very High Priority

Enforcement

How many students were caught violating the schools’ tobacco policy last school year?_________________

Does your school track the violations? YES NO

IF YES: Is it possible to obtain the number of violations? YES NO

PROBE: What were the consequences for these infraction?_________________________________

On a scale from one to seven, how likely do you think it is that students will be caught if they violate the tobacco policy with one representing that students will never be caught and seven representing that students will always be caught when they violate the tobacco policy?

Students will

Never be Caught

Students will

Always be

Caught

I would like to get a sense of some of the things your school may be doing to ensure that tobacco use is not occurring on school grounds. On a scale from one to seven, with one being the least actively and seven being the most actively, how actively do you think your school enforces the tobacco policy?

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Least Actively						Most Actively

Does your school conduct periodic sweeps to look for tobacco use on campus? YES NO
Have areas been identified that students may go to use tobacco? YES NO

IF YES: Has there been any action to ensure that tobacco use is not

occurring at these sites? YES NO ________________

Do security guards or someone else specifically try to enforce the tobacco policy? YES NO
Does someone check side doors on a regular basis to ensure students are not slipping out? YES NO
Do teachers and staff receive training on the school tobacco policy? YES NO
Have there been discussions about tobacco policies and prevention with parent or other

community groups? YES &nbs